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Design
Design
underground
drainage system
Sanitary Sewers
Storm Sewer
Combined Sewer
House Sewer
Lateral sewer
Sanitary sewer
Strom sewer
Combined sewer
House sewer
Lateral sewer
Procedure & construction of sewers
Setting out
Alignment and Gradient
Excavation
Pipe laying
Protection
Back filling
Man holes and chambers
Inspection chambers
Drainage connectors
Setting out
Alignment and Gradient
Excavation
Pipe laying
Factors considering for the
underground drainage are:
Rate of water supply
Population growth
Type of area served
Infiltration of ground water
Design procedure of sanitary sewer
1. Forecast the design population (P) of the area;
2. Find the sewage flow per day by multiplying population with flow
per day per capita of sewage. The sewage is taken as (70-80)% of
average water supply
3. Select a peaking factor (P.F) to find the peak sewage flow
4. Calculate the allowance for industrial and commercial sewage at the
rate of 3734 m3/km2/day
5. Calculate infiltration allowance of (5-10)% of average sewage flow
as
Qinf = (0.05 0.1) Qavg
6. Find the design sewage flow by adding Peak Flow industrial
allowance and infiltration flow
Qdesign = Qpeak + Qind + Qinf
Design procedure of sanitary sewer
Manning's Formula of Sanitary Sewer Equation
Normally, Mannings formula is used for design of sanitary sewer,
which is
Where
V = Velocity of sewage flow
R = Hydraulic radius= A/P
S = Slope of sewer
n = roughness co-efficient (0.013 0.015)
n = 0.01 (for smooth inside surface like PVC etc)
n = 0.013 (for brick masonry, concrete, RCC Pipe)
n = 0.017 (for stone masonry)
n = 0.025 (for earthen channels)
Design procedure of sanitary sewer
Chezys Formula for Sanitary Sewer
Where
C= Chezy constant value of c can be obtained by using either Kutters
formula or Bazins formula
According to Kutter Sanitary Sewer
Where
k = constant depending upon the nature of sewer
Design Procedure of Sanitary Sewer
What is the use of velocity ?
We know that Q=A.V
By this we will find the following components
Area of cross section
Wetted perimeter
Hydralic mean depth
What is the minimum velocity ?
it is better to say self cleaning velocity
8
Vs= ( 1)s
pt =
2
Temperature stresses
f=Ep..t
Back fill loads
Wc=C.2
Conclusion
A drainage system will include all the components needed to
ensure that the substructure is properly drained, and may be
formed of components such as open ditches, closed ditches with
pipe drains and drainage through storm water drainage pipes,
channels and culverts. Where there are changes in the terrain or
water flow (e.g. where streams are diverted), the drainage system
must be planned with particular care. Overloading can result in
major damage in the form of erosion and landslides.