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LTE Air Interface

www.huawei.com

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Contents
1. The Air interface
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
3. Dynamic Resource Allocation
4. Intra LTE Mobility

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page3
Contents
1. The Air Interface
1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.3 Radio Interface Techniques
1.4 Transmission Modes
1.5 Spectrum Usage
1.6 Channel Coding in LTE
1.7 Principles of OFDM

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page4
Evolution of Cellular Networks

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page5
First Generation Mobile Systems
AMPS (Advanced Mobile Telephone System)
TACS (Total Access Communications System)
ETACS (Extended Total Access Communications System)

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page6
Second Generation Mobile System
s

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page7
2.5G and 2.75G GSM/GPRS Systems

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page8
Third Generation Mobile Systems

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page9
Fourth Generation Mobile System
s

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Page10
Fourth Generation Mobile System
s

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page11
Contents
1. The Air Interface
1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.3 Radio Interface Techniques
1.4 Transmission Modes
1.5 Spectrum Usage
1.6 Channel Coding in LTE
1.7 Principles of OFDM

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page12
3GPP Releases

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page13
Contents
1. The Air Interface
1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.3 Radio Interface Techniques
1.4 Transmission Modes
1.5 Spectrum Usage
1.6 Channel Coding in LTE
1.7 Principles of OFDM

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page14
Radio Interface Techniques

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page15
Frequency Division Multiple Acc
ess

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page16
Time Division Multiple Access

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page17
Code Division Multiple Access

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page18
Orthogonal Frequency Division M
ultiple Access

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page19
Contents
1. The Air Interface
1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.3 Radio Interface Techniques
1.4 Transmission Modes
1.5 Spectrum Usage
1.6 Channel Coding in LTE
1.7 Principles of OFDM

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page20
Transmission Modes
Frequency Division Duplex

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page21
Transmission Modes
Time Division Duplex

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page22
Contents
1. The Air Interface
1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.3 Radio Interface Techniques
1.4 Transmission Modes
1.5 Spectrum Usage
1.6 Channel Coding in LTE
1.7 Principles of OFDM

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page23
GSM Bands

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page24
UMTS Bands FDD

TDD

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Page25
Existing GSM Deployments

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Page26
Key UMTS Deployment Bands

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page27
LTE Release 10 Bands
Band Duplex FDL_low(MHz) FDL_high(MHz) NOffs-DL NDL FUL_low(MHz) FUL_high(MHz) NOffs-UL NUL
1 FDD 2110 2170 0 0-599 1920 1980 18000 18000-18599
2 FDD 1930 1990 600 600-1199 1850 1910 18600 18600-19199
3 FDD 1805 1880 1200 1200-1949 1710 1785 19200 19200-19949
4 FDD 2110 2155 1950 1950-2399 1710 1755 19950 19950-20399
5 FDD 869 894 2400 2400-2649 824 849 20400 20400-20649
6 FDD 875 885 2650 2650-2749 830 840 20650 20650-20749
7 FDD 2620 2690 2750 2750-3449 2500 2570 20750 20750-21449
8 FDD 925 960 3450 3450-3799 880 915 21450 21450-21799
9 FDD 1844.9 1879.9 3800 3800-4149 1749.9 1784.9 21800 21800-22149
10 FDD 2110 2170 4150 4150-4749 1710 1770 22150 22150-22749
11 FDD 1475.9 1500.9 4750 4750-4999 1427.9 1452.9 22750 22750-22999
12 FDD 728 746 5000 5000-5179 698 716 23000 23000-23179
13 FDD 746 756 5180 5180-5279 777 787 23180 23180-23279
14 FDD 758 768 5280 5280-5379 788 798 23280 23280-23379
15,16 FDD Reserved Reserved
17 FDD 734 746 5730 5730-5849 704 716 23730 23730-23849

33 TDD 1900 1920 36000 36000-36199 1900 1920 36000 36000-36199


34 TDD 2010 2025 36200 36200-36349 2010 2025 36200 36200-36349
35 TDD 1850 1910 36350 36350-36949 1850 1910 36350 36350-36949
36 TDD 1930 1990 36950 36950-37549 1930 1990 36950 36950-37549
37 TDD 1910 1930 37550 37550-37749 1910 1930 37550 37550-37749
38 TDD 2570 2620 37750 37750-38249 2570 2620 37750 37750-38249
39 TDD 1880 1920 38250 38250-38649 1880 1920 38250 38250-38649
40 TDD 2300 2400 38650 38650-39649 2300 2400 38650 38650-39649
41 TDD 2496 2690 39650 39650 41589 2496 2690 39650 39650 41589
42 TDD 3400 3600 41590 41590 43589 3400 3600 41590 41590 43589
43 TDD 3600 3800 43590 43590 45589 3600 3800 43590 43590 45589

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page28
Carrier Frequency EARFCN Calculati
on

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page29
Example

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Page30
Contents
1. The Air Interface
1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.3 Radio Interface Techniques
1.4 Transmission Modes
1.5 Spectrum Usage
1.6 Channel Coding in LTE
1.7 Principles of OFDM

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page31
LTE Transport Channel Processin
g

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page32
Transport Block CRC

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page33
CRC Parity Bits

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Page34
Code Block CRC Attachment and S
egmentation

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page35
Example

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Page36
Channel Coding
Transport Channel Coding Option
s

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Page37
Channel Coding
Control Information Coding Opti
ons

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page38
Repetition Coding

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page39
Block Coding

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Page40
Coding Comparison Chart

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Page45
Rate Matching

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Page49
Code Block Concatenation

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Page51
Contents
1. The Air Interface
1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.3 Radio Interface Techniques
1.4 Transmission Modes
1.5 Spectrum Usage
1.6 Channel Coding in LTE
1.7 Principles of OFDM

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page52
Principles of OFDM

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page53
Frequency Division Multiplexing

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page54
OFDM Subcarriers

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page55
Inverse Fast Fourier Transform

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Page56
Fast Fourier Transform

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page57
OFDM Symbol Mapping

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page58
OFDM
Peak to Average Power Ratio

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page59
Time Domain Interference

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page60
Inter Symbol Interference

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Page61
Cyclic Prefix

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Page62
Contents
1. The Air interface
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.1 Basic Parts of LTE Air Interface
2.2 Downlink Related
2.3 Uplink Related
2.4 Other Procedures
3. Dynamic Resource Allocation
4. Intra LTE Mobility

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page63
Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.1 Basic Parts of LTE Air Interface
a) The Uu Interface and Protocols
b) LTE Channel Structure
c) LTE Frame Structure
d) OFDM Signal Generation

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page64
Uu Interface

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Page65
LTE Control Plane and User Plan
e

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Page66
E-UTRA Protocols

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Page67
NAS Signaling

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Page68
NAS EMM and ESM Procedures

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page69
Radio Resource Control

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page70
Packet Data Convergence Protoco
l

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Page71
Radio Link Control

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Page72
Medium Access Control

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Page73
Physical Layer

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Page74
Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.1 Basic Parts of LTE Air Interface
a) The Uu Interface and Protocols
b) LTE Channel Structure
c) LTE Frame Structure
d) OFDM Signal Generation

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page75
LTE Channels

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Page76
Logical Channels

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Page77
Control Logical Channels

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Page78
CCCH and DCCH Signaling

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Page79
Traffic Logical Channels

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Page80
LTE Release 8 Transport Channel
s

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page81
Downlink Physical Channels
PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel)
PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator Channel)
PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel)
PHICH (Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel)
PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel)

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page82
Uplink Physical Channels
PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel)
PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel)
PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel)

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page83
Radio Channels

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page84
Downlink Channel/ Uplink Channel Mapping

Downlink Channel Uplink Channel

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page85
Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.1 Basic Parts of LTE Air Interface
a) The Uu Interface and Protocols
b) LTE Channel Structure
c) LTE Frame Structure
d) OFDM Signal Generation

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page86
LTE Frame Structure( Type 1 FD
D)

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page87
Normal and Extended Cyclic Pref
ix

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Page88
Downlink CP Parameters

Normal CP Configuration

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page89
Type 2 TDD Radio Frame

Table: Uplink-downlink Subframe Configuration Ratio

Downlink-to- Subframe number


Uplink-
Uplink
downlink
Switch-point 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
configuration
periodicity

0 5 ms(2:6) D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms(4:4) D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms(6:2) D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms(6:3) D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms(7:2) D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms(8:1) D S U D D D D D D D
6 5 ms(3:5) D S U U U D S U U D
D: Downlink subframe U: Uplink subframe S: Special subframe

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page90
Type 2 Radio Frame Switching Points&Specia
l Subframe
DL/UL Subframe Allocation Item The main feature of LTE-TDD frame structure is DL-UL
Switch-point
Subframe number
Switch- The subframe used for DL-UL Switching is called Special
DL-UL
point
Configurati Subframe
periodicit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
on
y Includes DwPTS, GP, UpPTS
It needs to plan for DL-UL subframe configuration ratio
0 5 ms(2:6) D S U U U D S U U U
and Special Subframe configuration ratio
1 5 ms(4:4) D S U U D D S U U D UpPTS mainly carries short RACH and Sounding RS
2 5 ms(6:2) D S U D D D S U D D Short RACH can be configured occupied 1 OFDM
3 10 ms(6:3) D S U U U D D D D D symbol
4 10 ms(7:2) D S U U D D D D D D SRS definitely exists occrupied 1 OFDM symbol

5 10 ms(8:1) D S U D D D D D D D Special Subframe Allocation Item

D: Downlink
6 subframe
5 ms(3:5) D S U U U D S U U Special
D Special Subframe Length in Special Subframe Length in
Subframe Normal CP Symbol Number ) Extended CP Symbol Number )
U: Uplink subframe Configuration DwPTS GP UpPTS DwPTS GP UpPTS
S: Special subframe

0 3 10 1 3 8 1
1 9 4 1 8 3 1
2 10 3 1 9 2 1
3 11 2 1 10 1 1
4 12 1 1 3 7 2
5 3 9 2 8 2 2
6 9 3 2 9 1 2
7 10 2 2 - - -
8 11 1 2 - - -

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page91
Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.1 Basic Parts of LTE Air Interface
a) The Uu Interface and Protocols
b) LTE Channel Structure
c) LTE Frame Structure
d) OFDM Signal Generation

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page92
OFDM Signal Generation

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Page93
Scrambling

The scrambling feature statistically improves the interference by scrambling the


information with a scrambling code based on the physical cell ID and RNTI.

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page94
Modulation Mapper

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Page95
64 QAM Modulation Mapper

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Page96
Codeword, Layer and Antenna Por
t Mapping

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Page97
Layer Mapper Configuration

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page98
Single Antenna
For transmission on a single antenna port, a single l
ayer is used,
1 x (0) (i) d (0) (i)
layer
M symb (0)
M symb
,and the mapping is defined by
with .

Lay
Prec
er
odin
Map
g
per Antenna Port 0

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page99
Transmit Diversity
For transmit diversity there is only one codeword and the number of layer
s is equal to the number of antenna ports used for transmission of the ph
ysical channel.

Antenna Port 0

L P L P
Antenna Port 0 Antenna Port 1
M C M C

Antenna Port 2
Antenna Port 1

Antenna Port 3

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page100
Spatial Multiplexing
The number of layers is less than or equal
to the number of antenna ports used for tr
ansmission of the physical channel. The ca
se of a single codeword mapped to two laye
rs is only applicable when the number of a
ntenna ports is 4.

L P Antenna Port 0
M C

Antenna Port 1

Antenna Port 0
Antenna Port 0

Antenna Port 1
Antenna Port 1
L P
L P M C
M C Antenna Port 2
Antenna Port 2

Antenna Port 3
Antenna Port 3

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page101
Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.2 Downlink Related
a) Downlink OFDMA
b) LTE Physical Signals
c) Downlink Reference Signals
d) Downlink LTE Physical Channels
e) Downlink Control Signaling
f) LTE Cell Search Procedure

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page105
OFDMA in LTE

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page106
Physical Resource Blocks and Re
source Elements

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page107
Downlink PRB Parameters

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page108
Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.2 Downlink Related
a) Downlink OFDMA
b) LTE Physical Signals
c) Downlink Reference Signals
d) Downlink LTE Physical Channels
e) Downlink Control Signaling
f) LTE Cell Search Procedure

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page109
Downlink Cell ID

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Page110
PSS and SSS Location for FDD

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Page111
PSS and SSS Location for TDD

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Page112
Example of SSS Indices

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Page113
SSS Scrambling

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page114
Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.2 Downlink Related
a) Downlink OFDMA
b) LTE Physical Signals
c) Downlink Reference Signals
d) Downlink LTE Physical Channels
e) Downlink Control Signaling
f) LTE Cell Search Procedure

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page115
Downlink Reference Signals
Cell Specific (non-MBSFN)
MBSFN (MBMS service over Single Frequency Network)
UE Specific

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Page116
Cell Specific Reference Signals
One Antenna Port

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Page117
Cell Specific Reference Signals
Cell ID Offset

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Page118
Cell Specific Reference Signals
Two Antenna Port Configuration

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page119
Cell Specific Reference Signals
Four Antenna Port Configuration

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page120
RS Measurement
After receiving all necessary system messages, UE sta
rt to measure RS for cell selection and reselection
The following quantity should be evaluated for UE idl
e status measurement
RSRP: RS receiving power
RSRQ: RS receiving quality
RSRQ= N *RSRP/RSSI (N indicates the number of RS RE in
one sysmble)

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page121
Definition of RSRP(Reference Signal Rec
eived

Power )
RSRP is the linear average of reference singal power (in Watts) a
ccross the specified bandwidth (in number of REs). This is the mo
st important item UE has to measure for cell selection, reselecti
on and handover.
UE usually measures RSRP or RSRQ based on the direction (RRC mess
age) from the network and report the value. When UE report this v
alue, it does use the real RSRP value. It sends a non-negative va
lue ranging from 0 to 97and each of these values are mapped to a
specific range of real RSRP
RSRP valuereport
measurement as mapping
shown in the following table
Reported value Measured quantity value Unit
from 36.133.
RSRP_00 RSRP -140 dBm
RSRP_01 -140 RSRP < -139 dBm
RSRP_02 -139 RSRP < -138 dBm

RSRP_95 -46 RSRP < -45 dBm
RSRP_96 -45 RSRP < -44 dBm
RSRP_97 -44 RSRP dBm

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page122
Definition of RSRQ(Reference Signal Rec
eived Quality)(1/2)
Since RSRP measures only the reference power, we can say this is
the strength of the wanted signal. But it does not gives any info
rmation about signal quality. So for quality of the signal inform
ationanother parameter called 'RSRQ' is used in some case.
RSRQ =(N x RSRP)/RSSI
where N is the number of RBs over the measurement bandwidth.

RSSI(Received Signal Strength Indicator), it contains all sort

s of power including power from co-channel serving & non-servi


ng cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise, etc.
Therefore, (N x RSRP)/RSSI indicates "What is the portion of p

ure RS power over the whole E-UTRA power received by the UE".

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page123
Definition of RSRQ(Reference Signal Rec
eived Quality)(2/2)
Since this is the ratio of two different power value, the unit of RSRQ is
dB and the value would be always negative (because RSSI value will aways
be larger than N x RSRP)
UE usually measures RSRP or RSRQ based on the direction (RRC message) fr
om the network and report the value. When it report this value, it does u
se the real RSRQ value. It sends a non-negative value ranging from 0 to 3
4 and each of these values are mapped to a specific range of real RSRQ va
lue as shown in the following table from 36.133.
RSRQ measurement report mapping
Reported value Measured quantity value Unit
RSRQ_00 RSRQ -19.5 dB
RSRQ_01 -19.5 RSRQ < -19 dB
RSRQ_02 -19 RSRQ < -18.5 dB

RSRQ_32 -4 RSRQ < -3.5 dB
RSRQ_33 -3.5 RSRQ < -3 dB
RSRQ_34 -3 RSRQ dB

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page124
MBFSN Reference Signals

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page125
UE Specific Reference Signals

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page126
Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.2 Downlink Related
a) Downlink OFDMA
b) LTE Physical Signals
c) Downlink Reference Signals
d) Downlink LTE Physical Channels
e) Downlink Control Signaling
f) LTE Cell Search Procedure

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page127
PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channe
l)

Channel bandwidth BWChannel


1.4 3 5 10 15 20
[MHz]
Transmission bandwidth 10
configuration NRB 6 15 25 50 75
0

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page128
MIB to PBCH Mapping (FDD and No
rmal CP)

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Page129
PCFICH (Physical Control Format
Indicator Channel) - CFI Mappin
g

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Page130
CFI to PCFICH Mapping

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Page131
CFI Codewords

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Page132
PDCCH (Physical Downlink Contro
l Channel)

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page133
REG to CCE and PDCCH Mapping

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Page134
PDCCH to Control Region Mapping

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Page135
CCE Allocation Levels

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Page136
Search Spaces

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Page137
PHICH (Physical Hybrid Indicato
r Channel)
Frame Structure Type 1
Frame Structure Type 2 (TDD)

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page138
PHICH Mapping

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Page139
Extended PHICH Example

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Page140
PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared
Channel)

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page141
Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.2 Downlink Related
a) Downlink OFDMA
b) LTE Physical Signals
c) Downlink Reference Signals
d) Downlink LTE Physical Channels
e) Downlink Control Signaling
f) LTE Cell Search Procedure

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page142
Downlink Control Signaling

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page143
Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.2 Downlink Related
a) Downlink OFDMA
b) LTE Physical Signals
c) Downlink Reference Signals
d) Downlink LTE Physical Channels
e) Downlink Control Signaling
f) LTE Cell Search Procedure

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page155
Initial Procedures

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Page156
Cell Search

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Page157
Physical Cell Identities

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Page158
PSS Correlation

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Page159
SSS Correlation

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Page160
SI Messages - PBCH and the Mast
er Information Block

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page161
SI Block Type 1

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Page162
SI Block Type 1 (1/3)
PLMN Identity List - This is a list of PLMN identitie
s. The first listed PLMN-Identity is the primary PLM
N.
Tracking Area Code - This is a TAC (Tracking Area Cod
e) that is common for all the PLMNs listed.
Cell Barred Indication.
Intra Frequency Reselection - This is used to control
cell reselection to intra-frequency cells when the hi
ghest ranked cell is barred, or treated as barred by
the UE
Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page163
SI Block Type 1 (2/3)
CSG Indication - if set to TRUE, the UE CSG (Clos
ed Subscriber Group) identity needs to match.
CSG Identity - This is the identity of the Closed Sub
scriber Group within the primary PLMN the cell belong
s to.
Qrxlevminoffset - This affects the minimum required R
x level in the cell.
P-Max - This is part of the cell selection process.
Frequency Band Indicator

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page164
SI Block Type 1 (3/3)
SI Periodicity Mapping Information - This denotes a v
alue in radio frames: rf8, rf16, rf32, rf64, rf128, r
f256, rf512 and is used to calculate the occurrence o
f messages
SIB Window Length - This is a common SI scheduling wi
ndow for all SIB and indicates 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 or
40ms.
System Info Value Tag - Common for all SIBs other tha
n MIB, SIB1, SIB10 and SIB11.

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page165
Example of SI Mapping

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Page166
SI Block Type 2 & 3

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Page167
SI Block Type 4,5,6,7,8,9

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Page168
PLMN Selection

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Page169
Cell Selection

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Page170
Cell Selection Parameters

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page171
Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.3 Uplink Related
a) Uplink Transmission Technique
b) Uplink LTE Physical Channels
c) Uplink Reference Signals
d) Uplink Control Signaling
e) LTE Random Access Procedure
f) Uplink Power Control
g) Timing Relationships

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page172
SC-FDMA Subcarrier Mapping Conc
ept

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page173
SC-FDMA Signal Generation

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page174
SC-FDMA and the eNB

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page175
SC-FDMA vs. OFDMA

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page177
Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.3 Uplink Related
a) Uplink Transmission Technique
b) Uplink LTE Physical Channels
c) Uplink Control Signaling
d) Uplink Reference Signals
e) LTE Random Access Procedure
f) Uplink Power Control
g) Timing Relationships

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page178
Uplink LTE Physical Channels

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page179
PRACH (Physical Random Access C
hannel)

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Page180
PRACH Guard Period

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page181
Random Access Preamble Parameters

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page182
PRACH FDD Formats

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page183
PRACH Configuration

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Page184
PRACH Configuration Index(FDD, preamble formats 0~
3)PRACH Configuration Preamble System frame Subframe PRACH Configuration Preamble System frame Subframe
Index Format number number Index Format number number
0 0 Even 1 32 2 Even 1
1 0 Even 4 33 2 Even 4
2 0 Even 7 34 2 Even 7
3 0 Any 1 35 2 Any 1
4 0 Any 4 36 2 Any 4
5 0 Any 7 37 2 Any 7
6 0 Any 1, 6 38 2 Any 1, 6
7 0 Any 2 ,7 39 2 Any 2 ,7
8 0 Any 3, 8 40 2 Any 3, 8
9 0 Any 1, 4, 7 41 2 Any 1, 4, 7
10 0 Any 2, 5, 8 42 2 Any 2, 5, 8
11 0 Any 3, 6, 9 43 2 Any 3, 6, 9
12 0 Any 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 44 2 Any 0, 2, 4, 6, 8
13 0 Any 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 45 2 Any 1, 3, 5, 7, 9
14 0 Any 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 46 N/A N/A N/A
6, 7, 8, 9
15 0 Even 9 47 2 Even 9
16 1 Even 1 48 3 Even 1
17 1 Even 4 49 3 Even 4
18 1 Even 7 50 3 Even 7
19 1 Any 1 51 3 Any 1
20 1 Any 4 52 3 Any 4
21 1 Any 7 53 3 Any 7
22 1 Any 1, 6 54 3 Any 1, 6
23 1 Any 2 ,7 55 3 Any 2 ,7
24 1 Any 3, 8 56 3 Any 3, 8
25 1 Any 1, 4, 7 57 3 Any 1, 4, 7
26 1 Any 2, 5, 8 58 3 Any 2, 5, 8
27 1 Any 3, 6, 9 59 3 Any 3, 6, 9
28 1 Any 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 60 N/A N/A N/A
29 1 Any 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 61 N/A N/A N/A
30 N/A N/A N/A 62 N/A N/A N/A
31 1 Even 9 63 3 Even 9

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page185
PRACH Configuration and Preambl
e Sequences per Cell
Constant amplitude
Autocorrelation
Cross correlation

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page192
PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared C
hannel)

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page193
Multiplexing Control Signaling

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page194
PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control
Channel)

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page195
Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.3 Uplink Related
a) Uplink Transmission Technique
b) Uplink LTE Physical Channels
c) Uplink Control Signaling
d) Uplink Reference Signals
e) LTE Random Access Procedure
f) Uplink Power Control
g) Timing Relationships

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page196
PUCCH Formats

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page197
Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.3 Uplink Related
a) Uplink Transmission Technique
b) Uplink LTE Physical Channels
c) Uplink Control Signaling
d) Uplink Reference Signals
e) LTE Random Access Procedure
f) Uplink Power Control
g) Timing Relationships

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page198
Uplink Reference Signals

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Page199
Demodulation Reference Signal
Sequence length - This is part of the uplink
allocation.
Sequence Groups (0-29) - This is cell specific.
Sequence - Each group contains one sequence for
each length up to 5 PRB, and two sequences for
each length from 6PRB.
12 Cyclic Shift options.

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page200
DRS Sequence Group Selection

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page201
PUSCH DRS

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page202
PUSCH DRS (Extended CP)

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page203
Requirement for SRS

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Page204
SRS Frequency Hopping

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page205
SRS Allocation

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page206
Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.3 Uplink Related
a) Uplink Transmission Technique
b) Uplink LTE Physical Channels
c) Uplink Control Signaling
d) Uplink Reference Signals
e) LTE Random Access Procedure
f) Uplink Power Control
g) Timing Relationships

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page207
LTE Random Access Procedure

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page208
Random Access RRC Signaling Pro
cedure

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page209
PRACH Probing

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page210
Parameters for Random Access

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page211
Allocation of Preamble Groups

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page212
Random Access Response Window

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page213
MAC Random Access Response

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page214
Uplink Transmission

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page215
MAC Contention Resolution

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page216
Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.3 Uplink Related
a) Uplink Transmission Technique
b) Uplink LTE Physical Channels
c) Uplink Control Signaling
d) Uplink Reference Signals
e) LTE Random Access Procedure
f) Uplink Power Control
g) Timing Relationships

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page217
Uplink Power Control

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page218
Power Control Calculations
PUSCH Power Control:

PUCCH Power Control:

PRACH Power Control:


PPRACH = min{ , PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER +
PCMAX
PL} dBm

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page219
Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.3 Uplink Related
a) Uplink Transmission Technique
b) Uplink LTE Physical Channels
c) Uplink Control Signaling
d) Uplink Reference Signals
e) LTE Random Access Procedure
f) Uplink Power Control
g) Timing Relationships

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page220
FDD Timing

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page221
K Values for TDD Configurat
ions

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page222
Example of TDD Configuration 2

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page223
Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.4 Other Procedures
a) Paging Procedures
b) HARQ Operation
c) Diversity Options

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page224
Paging Issues

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page225
DRX Reception of Paging

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page226
Paging Frame
FDD Subframe Patterns

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page227
Paging Frame
TDD Subframe Patterns

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page228
Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.4 Other Procedures
a) Paging Procedures
b) HARQ Operation
c) Diversity Options

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page229
ARQ vs. HARQ

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page230
Basic Concepts of SAW

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page231
HARQ Parallel Processes

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Page232
HARQ Methods

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Page233
Redundancy Versions and Soft Bi
ts

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page234
HARQ in LTE
FDD HARQ Processes

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page235
HARQ in LTE
TDD HARQ Processes

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page236
HARQ in the Downlink
Asynchronous adaptive HARQ.
Uplink ACK/NAKs in response to downlink (re)transmiss
ions are sent on PUCCH or PUSCH.
PDCCH signals the HARQ process number and if it is a
transmission or retransmission.
Retransmissions are always scheduled through PDCCH.

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page237
HARQ in the Uplink
Synchronous HARQ.
Maximum number of retransmissions configured per UE
(as opposed to per Radio Bearer).
Downlink ACK/NAKs in response to uplink (re)transmiss
ions are sent on PHICH.

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page238
Uplink HARQ Operation

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page239
Downlink ACK NACK Timing

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page240
Uplink ACK NACK Timing

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page241
Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.4 Other Procedures
a) Paging Procedures
b) HARQ Operation
c) Diversity Options

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page242
SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page243
Transmission Modes
Mode 1 - Single-Antenna transmission, port 0, no MIMO.
Mode 2 - Transmit diversity.
Mode 3 - Transmit diversity or with Large Delays CDD is u
sed.
Mode 4 - Transmit diversity or Closed-loop spatial multip
lexing.
Mode 5 - Transmit diversity or multi user MIMO (more than
one UE is assigned to the same resource block).
Mode 6 - Transmit diversity or closed loop precoding for
rank=1 (i.e. no spatial multiplexing, but precoding is us
ed).
Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page244
Spatial Multiplexing MIMO

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Page245
Spatial Multiplexing Interferen
ce Issues

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page246
MIMO Single Stream

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Page247
Adaptive MIMO Switching

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page248
Feedback Reporting

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Page249
4bit CQI Table

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page250
Contents
1. The Air interface
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
3. Dynamic Resource Allocation
3.1 Scheduling Principles and Signaling
3.2 Dynamic and Semi Persistent Scheduling
4. Intra LTE Mobility

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page251
IP Scheduling

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page252
Basic Scheduling in a Cell

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page253
QoS in Packet Switched Networks
Packet Schedulers and Classifier
s

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page254
Key Factors Influencing Scheduling

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page255
Scheduling Methods

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page256
Modulation and TBS Index for PD
SCH

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page257
Using the TBS Size

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page258
Contents
3. Dynamic Resource Allocation
3.1 Scheduling Principles and Signaling
3.2 Dynamic and Semi Persistent Scheduling

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page259
Dynamic Scheduling

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Page260
Semi-Persistent Scheduling

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page261
Contents
1. The Air interface
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
3. Dynamic Resource Allocation
4. Intra LTE Mobility
4.1 Intra LTE Mobility
4.2 Reporting Options
4.3 Mobility Measurements

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page262
Intra-LTE Mobility

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page263
Idle State - Cell Reselection

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page264
Sintrasearch Parameter

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page265
High and Medium Mobility State
Impact to Treselection

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page266
Ranking of Cells - Ranking Equa
tion

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page267
Active State Mobility - Intra L
TE

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page268
LTE Handover

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page269
Contents
4. Intra LTE Mobility
4.1 Intra LTE Mobility
4.2 Reporting Options
4.3 Mobility Measurements

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page270
Measurement Configuration Param
eters

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page271
Report Configuration Parameters

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Page272
Periodic and Event Reporting

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page273
Contents
4. Intra LTE Mobility
4.1 Intra LTE Mobility
4.2 Reporting Options
4.3 Mobility Measurements

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page274
Measurement Gaps
Non Gap Assisted

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page275
Measurement Gaps
Gap Assisted

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page276
Gap Configuration

Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


Page277
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