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    Vapour liquid equilibrium describes the static condition where the macroscopic properties of a system no longer change over time. Raoult's law states that the partial pressure of a component in a liquid mixture is equal to the mole fraction of that component times its vapor pressure as a pure component. Deviations from Raoult's law can be positive or negative. Dalton's law describes the total pressure of a system as the sum of the partial pressures of the individual components. Equilibrium diagrams like T-x-y, P-x-y diagrams graphically represent the vapor-liquid equilibrium at different temperatures and pressures. Fugacity is a concept used to study phase and chemical reaction equilibria and accounts for non-

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    Vapour liquid equilibrium describes the static condition where the macroscopic properties of a system no longer change over time. Raoult's law states that the partial pressure of a component in a liquid mixture is equal to the mole fraction of that component times its vapor pressure as a pure component. Deviations from Raoult's law can be positive or negative. Dalton's law describes the total pressure of a system as the sum of the partial pressures of the individual components. Equilibrium diagrams like T-x-y, P-x-y diagrams graphically represent the vapor-liquid equilibrium at different temperatures and pressures. Fugacity is a concept used to study phase and chemical reaction equilibria and accounts for non-

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    29 views15 pages

    Vapiquid Ibrium

    Uploaded by

    PRAVIN
    Vapour liquid equilibrium describes the static condition where the macroscopic properties of a system no longer change over time. Raoult's law states that the partial pressure of a component in a liquid mixture is equal to the mole fraction of that component times its vapor pressure as a pure component. Deviations from Raoult's law can be positive or negative. Dalton's law describes the total pressure of a system as the sum of the partial pressures of the individual components. Equilibrium diagrams like T-x-y, P-x-y diagrams graphically represent the vapor-liquid equilibrium at different temperatures and pressures. Fugacity is a concept used to study phase and chemical reaction equilibria and accounts for non-

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    of 15

    VAPOUR LIQUID

    EQUILIBRIUM
    What is equilibrium?
    At equilibrium no driving force for energy or
    mass transfer .

    Equilibrium is the static condition in which no


    change occur in the macroscopic properties of a
    system with time
    Raoults law
    Raoults law states that the partial pressure is equal to product of vapor
    pressure and mole fraction in liquid phase.

    p1=x1.p10
    Where,
    p1-partial pressure of component
    p10-vapour pressure of pure component
    x1 -mole fraction of component in liquid phase
    (a) a solution that shows positive deviation from
    Raoult's law
    (b) a solution that shows negative deviation from
    Raoult's law.
    Daltons law

    Ptotal = p1+ p2
    Where,
    Ptotal -Total pressure
    p1 ,p2 -Partial pressure of component.
    Composition of liquid phase :
    x1= p1/ p10
    = partial pressure of component /vapour pressure of pure component
    Composition in gaseous phase :
    y 1= p1/ P
    = partial pressure of component /total pressure
    Raoults law becomes

    yiP=xiPisat (i=1,2,3..n)
    Where:
    yi = Vapor-phase mole fraction.
    xi = Liquid-phase mole fraction.
    Pi = Vapor pressure of pure species i at the T of the system.
    yi P = Partial pressure of species i.
    VLE by Modified Raoults Law

    yi P = xi i Pisat ( i= 1,2,..,N)

    Where
    i = Activity coefficient.
    T-x-y diagram/boiling point diagram
    Effect of pressure on VLE The high pressure
    diagrams are above low pressure.
    Equilibrium Diagram
    Vapor composition is drawn against liquid comp at
    constant pressure. Vapour is always rich in more
    volatile component the curve lies above the diagonal
    line.
    Effect of varying pressure on equilibrium
    diagram
    P-x-y Diagram
    Fugacity: It is derived from Latin, expressed as
    fleetness or escaping tendency. It is used
    to study extensively phase and chemical reaction
    equilibrium.
    G = RT ln f +

    - Is an constant depends on temperature and nature


    of gas.
    fugacity has same units as pressure for an ideal gas.
    Fugacity coefficient () :
    Fugacity coefficient is defined as the ratio of fugacity
    of component to its pressure.
    =f/P

    - Is the measure of non ideal behavior of the gas.

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