Chapter 1 - Vector Analysis

Scalars and Vectors

Scalar Fields (temperature)

Vector Fields (gravitational, magnetic)

Vector Algebra
The Cartesian Coordinate System
Vector Components and Unit Vectors
The Vector Field x 4 0.4 ( y 2 x)
y 3
F
z 5 0
200
Example
x x y y z z

a) F 5.946

0.74
0
F
b)
F
0.673
The Dot product B in the direction of A
You need to normalize a
before the dot product.
A.B = |A||B| cos qAB
The Cross Product

A x B = aN|A||B| sin qAB

ax ay az
A B Ax Ay Az

Bx By Bz

Example

2 4
A 3 B 2

1 5

13
A B 14

16
 Circular Cylindrical Coordinate System

1 - Unit Vector
d df vary with
The coordinate f
Since direction
dz changes

df dz 2 Dot Product
d df dz
 Circular Cylindrical Coordinate System

x cos f 2 2
x y 0
y sin f
atan
y
f
x
z z
z z

Dot Product
A Ax ax Ay ay Az az

A A a Af af Az az

A A a Af A af Az Az

A ( Ax ax Ay ay Az az) a Ax ax a Ay ay a

Af ( Ax ax Ay ay Az az) af Ax ax af Ay ay af
ax a cos f ay a sin f az az 1
( Ax ax Ay ay Az az) az Az az az
ax af sin f ay af cos f
Az Az

az a az f 0
The Spherical Coordinate System
x r sin q cos f

y r sin q sin f

z r cos q

2 2 2
r x y z r0

acos z
q 0 q 180
2 2 2
x y z

atan
y
f
x
The Spherical Coordinate System
x r sin q cos f

y r sin q sin f

z r cos q

r dr dq
r sin q dr df

r sin q dq df
2

r sin q dr dq df
2
Homework Chapter 1
2 2 2 2
27. r1 2 r2 4 q1 30 q2 50 f1 20 f2 60
360 360 360 360

For the volume enclosed within these spherical coordinates, find a) the enclosed volume b) the
surface area c) the total length of the twelve edges of the surface d) the length of the longest straight
line that lies within the volume.

r2 f2 q2

r sin q d q d f d r
2
a) Volume Volume 2.909

r1 f1 q1
b) Again, the surface area consists of six sides: 2 different surfaces where q is constant, 2
identical surfaces where f is constant, and 2 different surfaces where r is cons tant.

f2 q2 f2 q2

r1 sin q d q d f r2 sin q d q d f
2 2
r1_surface r2_surface

f1 q1 f1 q1
r1_surface 0.623
r2_surface 2.494
r2 q2
f2 r2
f_surface r dq dr
q1_surface r sin q1 d r d f
r1 q1
f1 r1
f2 r2
f_surface 2.094
q2_surface r sin q2 d r d f

f1 r1
Surface_Area r1_surface r2_surface q1_surface q2_surface 2f_surface

Surface_Area 12.609