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21ast5 Lecppt Ch18
21ast5 Lecppt Ch18
Relativity and
Black Holes
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 2016 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
Michelson-Morley Experiment
Someone outside
the train would
see the ball
travel a longer
path in one up-
down cycle.
The faster the
train is moving,
the longer that
path would be.
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 2016 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
The Time Dilation Formula
c t + v t = c t
2 2 2 2 2 2
v 2 2
t = t - 2 t
2 2
v2
t = t 1- 2
c
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 2016 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
Formulas of Special Relativity
2
Time dilation : t' = t 1
c2
2
Length contraction : l' = l 1
c2
m
Mass increase : m' =
2
1
2 c
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 2016 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
Simultaneous Events?
There is no paradox if
light speed is same
for everyone.
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 2016 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
Light and Special Relativity, Part 1
2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 2016 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
Black Holes, Part 1
A black hole is a
singularityall the
matter has collapsed
to one point.
Infinitely dense.
It is a bottomless well
in the fabric of
spacetime.
Event horizon of a
1 M black hole =
3 km.
Extreme tidal forces
would rip an object
or human apart as it
fell in.
Gravitational time
dilation and redshift
become infinite.
Scientists check
theories by
considering their
limits.
General
relativity
reduces to
Newtons laws
in the limit of
being far from a
mass.
a) one-quarter
b) one-half;
c) twice;
d) 3 times;
e) 4 times.
21st CENTURY
ASTRONOMY
Fifth EDITION
Kay | Palen | Blumenthal