Science F3 C8-PPT-Part I Dynamo and Generator

Science Form 3 Chapter 8
GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY
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Part I
Generation of Electrical Energy
F3 C8 GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY
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A. Principle of Dynamo
• A dynamo is used to produced electrical
energy
• A dynamo consist of a coil of wire suspended
in a magnetic field
• When the coil of wire is spun, it cuts the
magnetic field lines and electrical energy is
generated in the coil
• The electrical energy in the coil is transmitted
for use such as for lighting and heating
• The energy change which takes place in a
dynamo is as follows:
Kinetic E.  Electrical E.
• Every power station has a large dynamo or

generator to produce electrical energy
Types of generator
Thermal Hydroelectri
generator c generator
Gas turbine Diesel

generator generator
(a) Thermal Generator
• A thermal power station usually uses coal,
diesel or natural gas as a fuel to boil water in
a large boiler
• Steam under high pressure is channeled to
turn a turbine
• The turbine drives a dynamo which produces
electrical energy
Kinetic E. Electrical
Potential
(Spinning E.
Chemical Heat E. E. (Steam
turbine (produced
E. (Fuel) (fire) under
and by
Pressure)
dynamo) dynamo)
• After turning the turbine, steam is condensed
by a condenser into water and is returned to
the boiler
• Thermal generators are usually located near
petroleum refineries or coal mines so that fuel
is easily obtained.
• Port Klang, Port Dickson and Seberang Prai
have thermal generators.
(b) Hydroelectric Generator
• A dam is built across a river to collect water in
a high reservoir
• The water is channeled through a tunnel to
spin a turbine
• The turbine spins a dynamo which produces
electrical energy
Potential E. (Water at Kinetic E. (Spinning Electrical E. (produced

a height) turbine and dynamo) by dynamo)
• A hydroelectric power station can be built
where there is a river with a continuous flow
of water
• The reservoir can be used for:
– Controlling floods
– Irrigating paddy fields
– Fish rearing
• Hydroelectric power stations are used in:
– Chenderoh, Perak
– Cameron Highlands, Pahang
– Kenyir, Terengganu
• Many hydroelectric power stations have been
built in Malaysia. Why?
(c) Gas turbine Generator
• A gas turbine generator burns a mixture of gas and air
to turn a dynamo for producing electrical energy.
• Air is sucked in, filtered and compressed by a
compressor
• The compressed air is mixed with the fuel gas
• The mixture of air and gas is ignited by a spark plug in
the combustion chamber.
• The ignited mixture burns and expands with great
force. This turns the turbine which then turns the
dynamo to produce electrical E.
(c) Gas Turbine Generator
Potential Kinetic E. Electrical

E. (High (Spinning E.
Chemical Heat E.
pressure turbine (produced
E. (Gas) (fire)
gas and by
expanding) dynamo) dynamo)
• Gas turbine generators are not efficient
because a lot of energy is lost in the form of
heat during the generation process.
• Gas turbine generators are usually situated in
places where the fuel gas is easily obtained.
• The power station in Paka (Terengganu) uses
gas turbine generators.
(d) Diesel Generator
• A diesel generator is used to supply electrical
energy to a small place such as a village or an
amusement park
• The diesel engine is similar to that used in a
diesel engine car
• The diesel burning in the engine produces a great
expanding force
• This expanding force drives a piston which in turn
drives a dynamo for producing electrical energy
Electrical
Potential Kinetic E.
E.
Chemical Heat E. E. (Piston
(produced
E. (Diesel) (fire) (Expanding and
by
hot gas) dynamo)
dynamo)
• Diesel generators are used in Bukit Larut
(Taiping) and Bukit Fraser
(e) Nuclear Generator
• Nuclear fuel is also used to generate electrical
energy
• Nuclear energy is produced in a reactor by
splitting uranium atoms
• The heat from the nuclear energy is used to boil
water to obtain steam
• Steam under high pressure is used to spin a
turbine, which in turns drives a dynamo
• The dynamo produces electrical energy
Nuclear E. Potentia Electrica

Chemic l E. Kinetic E. l E.
(Released
(Spinning
al E. by Heat E. (Steam (produc
turbine
(Uraniu splitting (fire) under ed by
and
m) uranium Pressure dynamo
dynamo)
atom)
) )
• The steam used to turn the turbine is condensed
into water again by a condenser and returned to
the boiler
• Many people are against the use of nuclear energy
to generate electricity because of the possibility of
accidents
• Accidents involving nuclear energy and radioactive
substances are hazardous and life threatening
• Great care must taken when using nuclear energy
Alternative Sources of Energy
• Solar
• Wind
• Geothermal
• Biomass
• Tides
(a) Solar
• Free, does not pollute the environment
• Disadvantage: not available at night
(b) Wind
• Countries such as Holland and Canada use
wind turbines which are driven by wind.
• Wind turbines do not pollute the
environment, except that they may spoil the
natural scenery
(c) Geothermal
• Geothermal E. is heat E. obtained from the
interior of the earth.
• Commonly used to heat boilers to supply
steam for warming houses and factories in
cold countries.
(d) Biomass
• Biomass consist of organic waste
• Biomass can be used to produce fuels such as
methane and alcohol
• The residue can be turned into fertilisers
(e) Tides
• Tides can be used to turn turbines and
dynamos
• This method is not very effective and not
reliable. The tide flow in and out from the
shore only twice a day

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Science F3 C8-PPT-Part I Dynamo and Generator

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Science Form 3 Chapter 8

http://xinhuicafe.wordpress.com Last update: 4/8/2010

• Every power station has a large dynamo or

Gas turbine Diesel

Potential E. (Water at Kinetic E. (Spinning Electrical E. (produced

Potential Kinetic E. Electrical

Nuclear E. Potentia Electrica

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