Water Turbine and its types(1)

A hydro mechanical device that converts

Potentio-kinetic energy of water into mechanical
energy to be inputted to generators for electrical
power generation
Impulse:
Water hits each side of the runner at equal pressure
as runner remains at air
All the pressure energy is converted first at nozzle into
kinetic energy of a high speed jet of water
When water jet impinges on the runner blade, its
kinetic energy makes the runner rotate by deflection
 Water Turbine and its types(2)
Reaction
Rotating element in these turbines is fully immersed in
water and is enclosed in pressure casing

Unlike in impulse turbines, when the water strikes the

runner, the pressure drops across the runner blades

The runner blades are so profiled that the pressure

difference across them imposes lifting force causing runner
to rotate
 Groups of impulse and reaction
turbines
Turbine runner Head

High(>200 m) Medium(30m-200 m) Low (<30 m)

Impulse Pelton Cross flow Cross flow

(Sp. Speed: 10-50)
Turgo
Turgo
Multijet pelton

Rection Fracis Propeller

(sp. Speed: 60-300)
Kaplan
Pump as turbines (sp. Speed: 300-
(PAT) 1000)
 Selection of water turbines
Use of nomogram:
A nomogram is a chart oftenly used to select a
suitable turbine for a particular site. It shows the
head, shaft speed, output power and specific
speed in the same chart
Selection of Turbines using
Nomogram
Nomogram for runner diameter
Turbine Efficiency curves