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Cataract 20surgery 2029 05 2008 131224024457 Phpapp01
Cataract 20surgery 2029 05 2008 131224024457 Phpapp01
ICCE
ICCE evolved into a very successful operation
Preferred surgical technique before the refinement
of modern ECCE surgery
However there remained 5% rate of potentially
blinding complications including:
Infection
Hemorrhage
RD
CME
Intra capsular cataract extraction (ICCE)
of the world:
Smiths method
Arrugas method
Erysiphakes
Cryo surgery
surgery
magnification &
support missing
of popularity of ICCE
Patient preparation
Anaesthesia
Patient preparation (contd)
Procedure
Postoperative course
VA should be consistent with:
1. Refractive state of the eye
2. Clarity of the cornea
3. Clarity of the media
4. Visual potential of the retina and optic nerve
Patient preparation (contd)
ECCE
ECCE involves removal of the nucleus and
ECCE (contd)
Methods
ECCE (contd)
Methods
Preferred method of routine cataract
surgery
Selection of technique for nucleus removal
depends upon:
Instrumentation available
Surgeons level of experience with each technique
Advantages of ECCE surgery (contd)
Smaller incision
Less traumatic to corneal endothelium
Eliminates complications (short and long
term) associated with vitreous adherent to:
Incision wound
Iris
Cornea
Advantages of ECCE surgery (contd)
CME
RD
Corneal edema
Advantages of ECCE surgery (contd)
Polishing PC
Cystotome
Used for anterior capsulotomy (opening in the
anterior of the lens)
Fashioned from 25 gauge needles by bending at its
hub and beveled tip
Prefabricated cystotomes also commercially available
The needle tip is used to puncture and tear the
anterior capsule
Irrigation and aspiration system
coaxial, double-lumen blunt cannulas
Aspiration:
Syringe connected to the cannula
foot switch
Lens nucleus
phacoemulsification
Incision
Incision: Mid limbal, chord length 8 12 mm,
which is smaller than for ICCE
The initial incision consists of a limbal groove
Some surgeons prefer more posterior incision
with anterior dissection creating a flap of tunnel
A stab incision is made into AC
AC depth stabilized by viscoelastic agents, air
bubble, or continuous fluid irrigation
Cystotome is inserted for anterior capsulotomy
Procedure ECCE (contd)
Capsulotomy
Christmas tree
Can-opener
Capsulorrhexis
Procedure ECCE (contd)
Capsulotomy (contd)
Christmas tree
With cystotome anterior capsule punctured
inferiorly and
The flap of the capsule drawn toward the wound
and cut with scissors
Procedure ECCE (contd)
Capsulotomy (contd)
Can-Opener
Cystotome used to make a series of connected
Capsulorrhexis
Continuous tear anterior capsulotomy popular in
phacoemulsification, can be performed with
either:
Csytotome or
Capsulorrhexis forceps
First a small tear is created,
The edge this tear is then grasped with cytotome
tip/forceps, and
A smooth tear is created, removing a circular
portion of anterior capsule
Procedure ECCE (contd)
Capsulorrhexis (contd)
This technique provides:
Centeration
Nuclear expression
Manual
1. Whole (Lens loop, spoon, vectis, irrigation)
Ultrasonic fragmentation
Lens cortex aspiration
reaction typical
Postoperative course ECCE (contd)
Posterior capsule: Should be clear and intact
viscoelastic
Postoperative course ECCE
Vision:
Refraction:
Astigmatism:
Ultrasound
Irrigation system
Aspiration system
Phacoemulsification (contd)
Ultrasound
The phacoemulsification hand piece contains
Aspiration
The aspiration system of phacoemulsification
machine varies according to the pump design:
1. Peristaltic Pump
2. Diaphragm Pump
3. Venture Pump
Phacoemulsification (contd)
Aspiration (contd)
Peristaltic Pump
Consists of set of rollers that move along a
flexible tubing, forcing fluid through the
tubing and creating a relative vacuum at
the aspiration port of phacoemulsification
needle
Phacoemulsification (contd)
Aspiration (contd)
Diaphragm Pump
Flexible diaphragm overlying a fluid
chamber with one-way valves at the inlet
and outlet
Phacoemulsification (contd)
Aspiration (contd)
Venturi Pump
Creates a vacuum based on the venturi principle:- That
a flow of gas across a port creates a vacuum
proportional to the rate of the gas
Phacoemulsification
Irrigation
Fluid dynamics of phacoemulsification
requires constant irrigation through the
irrigation sleeve around the ultrasound
tip
Constant irrigation:
Maintains AC depth
Cools the phacoemulsification probe
Prevents heat buildup and adjacent
tissue damage