Testa: the outer layer- non

permeable but become soft and

rupture during germination.

Cotyledon: store food.

Radicle: grow producing young

root.

Plumule: grow producing young

shoot.

Hilum: scar indicating the place

of attachment of the seed to the
fruit.

Micropyle: during germination,

water enters the through it to
the seed.
 Germination
The seed takes water through the micropyle
The cotyledon swell till the testa burst
The enzymes are activated by water
The enzymes digest stored food in the seed
The digested food diffuses into the embryo to
be used in growth
Radicle emerges from testa
Testa falls off
Plumule opens out and grows into shoot
 Dry and fresh mass
At the beginning of germination After several days

The dry mass decreases as Dry mass starts to increase as

the embryo breaks down the green leaves will be formed and
stored food. will Make its own food by
Fresh mass increases due to photosynthesis
absorption of water Fresh mass increases
 Seed and fruits dispersal

Wind dispersed
Animal dispersed
 Wind dispersed
Sycamore
Has a wing with a large surface area. When
the fruit drops off the tree it spins away from
the parent plant
 Wind dispersed
Poppy
The remains of the stigma provide a large
surface area to be carried by wind.
 Wind dispersed
Dandelion
Has hair that provides large surface area to be
carried by wind
 Animal dispersed
Burdock
Hooked fruits catch on to an animals fur as
it passes past the parent plant. Eventually the
seeds drops off, or the animal grooms itself to
remove them
 Animal dispersed
Indigestible seeds and fruits

Tomatoes, apples and strawberry have

indigestible seeds, therefore the undigested
parts will be evacuated in stools then
germinate.