TOWN PLANNING

NAR 804

GARDEN CITY
INTRODUCTION :-

Garden city movement is a

method of urban planning.

Initiated in 1898 by SIR

EBENEZER HOWARD
(1850-1928) in united
kingdom.

Howard was a English town

planner.

Howard is known for his

publication-
To Marrow: A Peaceful Path
To
 FRAMEWORK

1850 - 1928 SIR EBENEZER HOWARD

Published Garden City of

1899
Tomorrow
Garden City Association was
1903
made.

LETCHWORTH was designed for

1920
35000 people

WELWYN was designed for

40000 people
LETCHWORTH had 16000
1947 people
& 100 factories
WELWYN had 18000 people
& 75 factories
PROBLEMS / RATIONALE :-

Lack of interaction with nature

Overcrowding due to
uncontrolled growth.

Lack of community planning and

zoning.

Low income group couldnt afford

a good living environment.
HOWARDS OBJECTIVES FOR GARDEN CITIES:
Garden city were intended to be:-
planned,
self-contained communities
surrounded by green belts,
containing proportionate areas of
residences , industry
and agriculture.

Working class deserved better

and more affordable housing.

Human society and the beauty of

nature are meant to be together.

His plan for garden cities was a

response to the need for
improvement in the quality of urban
life.
HOWARDS OBJECTIVES FOR GARDEN CITIES:
Produce economically
independent cities with short
commute times.

Reduce automobile usage.

Designed with consideration of

environmental impact.

Town and country must be

married and will bring a new
hope , a new life
and a new civilisation.

Combined town and country in

order to provide an alternative
working on farms or crowded
unhealthy cities.
CONCEPT GARDEN CITY :-
THREE MAGNETS where will the people
go??
He illustrated the idea
with
his famous diagram of 3
magnets.
This diagram summarises
the political, economic
and
social via three
magnets.
One magnet town
(amusement, high
wages
and rents,
opportunities)
 TOWN NEGETIVE
POSITIVE ASPECTS ASPECTS
SOCIAL OPPORTUNITY CLOSING OUT OF NATURE
ISOLATION OF CROWDS HIGH RENTS AND PRICES
PLACES OF AMUSEMENT FOUL AIR
CHANCES OF EMPLOYMENT SLUMS AND GIN PALACES
HIGH MONEY WAGES COSTLY DRAINAGE
WELL-LIT STREETS

COUNTR
Y
POSITIVE ASPECTS NEGETIVE ASPECTS
BEAUTY OF NATURE LACK OF SOCIETY
FRESH AIR LACK OF DRAINAGE
LOW RENTS LOW WAGES
ABUNDANCE OF WATER CROWDED DWELLINGS
WOOD, MEADOW, FOREST HANDS OUT OF WORK
DESERTED VILLAGES
 TOWN - COUNTRY
COMBINATION OF BOTH ASPECTS
Beauty of nature peace all over the places.
Social opportunity cumulative growth.
Fields and parks of easy access equal chances
Low rents high wages
Low rates - plenty to do
Pure air and water good drainage
Bright homes and gardens no slums, no smoke
Instead he believed that human society and the
beauty of nature are meant to be enjoyed
together hence giving his solution the two
magnets must be made one.
"Town and country must be united, and out of
this joyous union, will spring a new hope, a new
life, a new civilization."
 THE ORIGINAL GARDEN CITY CONCEPT BY
EBENEZER HOWARD
ASSUMED DATA
A TOTAL OF 6000 ACRE ESTATE
1000 ACRES, PURELY FOR THE
CENTRAL GARDEN CITY AS A HOME
FOR 30000 PEOPLE.
SURROUNDING THE CENTRAL CITY
5000 ACRES OF LAND IS RETAINED FOR
AGRICULTURE AND HOME FOR 2000
PEOPLE, WITH COW PASTURES,
FARMLANDS, AND WELFARE SERVICES.
GARDEN CITY DATAS
CENTRAL CITY AREA: 12000 ACRES.
POPULATION : 58000 PEOPLE
AGGLOMERATION CITIES: AREA: 9000
ACRES
POPULATION: 32000 PEOPLE
DISTANCE BETWEEN CENTRAL MAIN
CITY AND THE AGGLOMERATION: ~10KM
 CONCEPTUAL LAYOUT
Circular city growing in a
radial manner or pattern.
Divided into six equal wards,
by six main boulevards that
radiated from the central
park/garden.
Civic institutions (town hall,
library, hospital, theatre,
museum etc. ) Are placed
around the central garden.
The central park enclosed by
a crystal palace acts as an
arcade for indoor shops and
winter gardens.
The streets for houses are
formed by a series of
concentric ringed tree lined
 CONCEPTUAL LAYOUT
A 420 feet wide , 3 mile
long, grand avenue which
run in the center of
concentric rings , houses
the schools and churches
and acts as a continuous
public park.

All the industries, factories

and warehouses were
placed at the periferal ring
of the city.

The municipal railway was placed in another

ring closer to the industrial ring , so that the
pressure of excess transport on the city streets
are reduced and the city is connected to the rest
of the nation.
CONCLUSION OF HOWARDS
SCHEME :-
Free of slums and enjoying the benefits of both
town and country.

Purchase large area of agricultural land within a

ring fence.

Planning of a compact town surrounded by a

wide rural belt.

Accommodation of residents , industry and

agriculture within the town.
 Garden City Principle in Practice

The first Garden City evolved out of

Howards principles is Letchwerth
Garden City designed by Raymond
Unwin and Barry Parker in 1903.

The second one to evolve was

Welwyn Garden City designed by
Louis de Soissons and Frederic Osborn
in 1920.

Another example was Radburn City

designed by Clarence Stein and Henry
Wright in 1928.
 LATCHWERTH
Letchwerth,
officiallyLetchwerth Garden
City, is a town
inHertfordshire,England,
with a population of 33,600
It was designed by
Raymond Unwin and
Barry Parker.
Letch worth 35 miles
An
fromAnalysis
London

Land of 3822 acres

Reserved Green belt- 1300
acres
Designed for a maximum of
35000 population Latchworth Garden City- Arrangement f
In 30 years developed top.
with 15000 population &
Latchwerth- A New Vision
WELWYN
Welwyn Garden City is a town
within theBorough of Welwyn
HatfieldinHertfordshire, England.
It is located approximately 19
miles fromKings Cross and 24
miles from London.
On 29 April 1920 a company,
Welwyn Garden City Limited, was
formed to plan and build the
garden city, chaired by Sir
Theodore Chambers.Louis de
Soissonswas appointed as
architect and town planner
An Analysis
andFrederic Osbornas secretary.
Land of 2378 acres
Designed for a maximum
of 40000 population
. In 15 years developed
with 10000 population
& 50 shops,
Welwyn Garden City- Arrangement
industries.
from top.
 Streets are
designed so as to
give the concept
of a
Neighborhood
unit.
Separation of the
pedestrian walkways
from the main roads
gives a sense of
natural beauty.

Open and green

spaces are
Given on a large
scale.

Personalization of
Homes in Welwyn with
varying roofline,
texture and
composition for each
house.
 THANK YOU...

SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:-

SACHIN SAGAR
AR. SAMIKSHA SHEHZAD KHAN
SHIVAM TYAGI
SIMRAN BHUGRA
TAMANNA BANSAL
VISHAKHA GOEL