THEORIES OF

MOTIVATION

SUBMITTED BY:-
TEAM TEJAS
NEHA KHATTAR
ROHIT NAGRANI
ROSHAN
ROHIT ROY
ROHIT RANA
HARSHIT BACHCHAN
 THEORIES OF MOTIVATION

Maslows need hierarchy theory

Herzbergs motivation hygiene
theory
McClellands need theory
McGregors participation theory
Vrooms expectancy theory
Alderfers ERG theory
HERZBERGS MOTIVATION
HYGIENE THEORY
To better understand employee attitudes and
motivation, Frederick Herzberg performed studies to
determine which factors in an employees work
environment caused satisfaction or dissatisfaction. He
published his findings in the 1959 book The
motivation to work.
 HYGIENE FACTORS
PAY- The pay or salary structure should be appropriate and
reasonable. It must be equal and competitive to those in the same
industry in the same domain.
COMPANY POLICIES- The company policies should not
be too rigid. They should be fair and clear. It should include
flexible working hours, dress code, breaks etc..
WORKING CONDITIONS- The working condition should
be safe, clean and hygenic. The work equipments should be
updated and well mantained.
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS- The relationship of the
employees with his superiors, subordinates should be appropriate
and acceptable. There should be no conflict with them.
JOB SECURITY- The organization must provide job security
to the employees.
 MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS

RECOGNITION- The employees should be praised and

recognized for their accomplishments by the managers.
GROWTH AND PROMOTIONAL OPPORTUNITIES-
There must be growth and advancement opportunities in an
organization to motivate the employees to perform well.
RESPONSIBILITY- The employees must hold themselves
responsible for the work. The managers should give them
ownership of the work. They should minimize control but assign
responsibilty.
MEANINGFUL WORK- The work itself should be
meaningful, interesting and challenging for the employee to
perform and to get motivated.
 According to herzberg: the job should have
sufficient challenge to utilize the full ability of the
employee.

Employees who demonstrate increasing levels of

ability should be given increasing levels of
responsibility.

If a job cannot be designed to use an employees

full abilities, then the firm should consider
automating the task or replacing the employee with
one who has a lower level of skill. If a person
cannot be fully utilized, then there will be a
motivation problem.
 HIGH HYGIENE + HIGH MOTIVATION = The
ideal situation where employees are highly motivated and have
few complaints.
HIGH HYGIENE + LOW MOTIVATION =
Employees have few complaints but are not highly motivated.
The job is perceived as a paycheck.
LOW HYGIENE + HIGH MOTIVATION =
Employees are motivated but have lot of complaints. A
situation where the job is exciting and challenging but the
salaries and work conditions are not up to par.
LOW HYGIENE + LOW MOTIVATION = The
worst situation. Unmotivated employees with lots of
complaints.
MCGREGORSTHEORY X
AND THEORY Y
INTRODUCTION

Theory X and theory Y are theories of human motivation

created and developed by Douglas McGregor in 1960.

Theory X and theory Y have to do with the perceptions

managers hold on their employees, not the way they generally
behave.

Our management style is strongly influenced by our beliefs and

assumptions about what motivates members of your team: if
you believe that team members dislike work, you will have an
authoritarian style of management. On the other hand, if you
assume that employees take pride in doing a good job, you will
tend to adopt a more participation style.
 THEORY X

Theory X assumes that employees are naturally

unmotivated and dislike working, and this
encourages an authoritarian style of management.
This style of management assumes that workers:-
Dislike working
Avoid responsibility and need to be directed
Have to be controlled, forced, and threatened to
deliver whats needed.
Need to be supervised at every step, with
controls put in place
 THEORY Y

Theory Y shows a participation style of

management.
It assumes that employees are happy to work, are
self motivated and creative, and enjoy working
with greater responsibility.
Take responsibility and are motivated to fulfill the
goals they are given.
Seek and accept responsibility and do not need
much direction.
COMPARING THEORY X AND THEORY Y
 BASIS THEORY X THEORY Y

1. MOTIVATION It assumes that people It assumes that people

dislike work, they want to are self- motivated, and
avoid it, and dont want thrive on responsibility.
to take responsibility.

2.MANAGEMENT Management is It involves employees in

STYLE AND authoritarian and decision making, but
CONTROL centralized control is retain power to
retained. implement decisions.

3. WORK Employees tend to have Employees work tends to

ORGANIZATION specialized and often be organized around
repetitive work. wider areas of skill, and
are also encourage to
develop expertise, make
suggestions and
improvements.
THANK YOU