PERFECT TENSE

BY:

9th GROUP

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 Members of 9th group :
1. Firsha Vellya Arda (1210323006)

2. Vazia Rahma Handika (1210323011)

3. Mike Aulia Pratama Putri (1210323030)

4. Wulan Yulastri (1210322021)

5. Monica Elvianita (1210323035)

6. Febrija Nofri Yanti (1210323015)

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 PERFECT TENSE
In linguistics the perfect (abbreviated PERF or PRF), occasionally
called the retrospective (RET) to avoid confusion with the perfective aspect,
is a combination of aspect and tense that calls a listener's attention to the
consequences, at some time of perspective (time of reference), generated by
a prior situation, rather than just to the situation itself.

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 The time of perspective it self is given by the tense of the helping verb, and
usually the tense and the aspect are combined into a single tense-aspect form:
1. Present perfect tense

2. Present perfect continues tense

3. Past perfect tense

4. Past perfect continues tense

5. Future perfect tense

6. Future perfect continues tense

7. Past future perfect tense

8. Past future perfect continues tense

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 1. Present perfect tense
Present perfect tense is used to declare an act that has been done at a

certain time is not in the past and is the result when talking.

Time information : already, just, yet, since, for, latery, these weeks/month,

so far, till now, recently

Structure Example
+ S + have/has + V3 We have seen that film
- S + have/has + not + V3 We havent seen that film
? Have/has + s + V3 Have we seen that film?

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 2. Present perfect continues tense
Present perfect continues tense used to represent an event or action that

has been done in the past and is still actions to the future. use almost

the same as the present perfect.

Time information : for, all this morning, since, the whole day

Structure Example
+ S + have/has + been + Ving I have been waiting long
- S + have/has + not been + Ving I havent been waiting long
? Have/has + S + been + Ving Have I been waiting long?

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 3. Past perfect tense
Past perfect tense used to represent an event or action that has been

completed when another incident occurred in the past.

Time information : for, when/after/before

Structure Example

+ S + had + V3 The man had died when the doctor arrived

- S + had + not + V3 The man hadnt died when the doctor arrived
? Had + S + V3 Had the man died when the doctor arrived?

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 4. Past perfect continous tense
Past perfect continous tense used to express the actions that have

occurred and are still ongoing at the past.

Time information : for, when/after/before

Structure
+ S + had + been + Ving
- S + had + not + been + Ving
? Had + S + been + Ving
Example
I had been studying in Andalas
University when I met him
I hadnt been studying in Andalas
University when I met him
Had I been studying in Andalas
University when I meet him?

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 5. Future perfect tense
Future perfect tense used to express the actions that have been initiated in

the past and will be resolved in the future

Time information : by the time, by the end, in 3 weeks/years/months for,

after/before.
Structure Example
+ S + will/shall + have + V3 Ill have done the job by next
saturday
- S + will/shall + not + have + V3 I willnt have done the job by next
saturday
? Will/shall + S + have + V3 Will i have done the job by next
Saturday ?

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 6. Future perfect continous tense
Future perfect tense is used to declare an act committed in the past and

may be resolved in future.

Time information : for, bythe time, by the end of

Structure Example
+ S + will/shall + have been + Ill have been playing cards
Ving tomorrow night
- S + will/shall +not + have been I willnt have been playing cards
+ Ving tomorrow night
? Will/shall + S + have been + Will i have been playing cards
Ving tomorrow night?

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 7. Past future perfect tense
Past future perfect tense to declare that the work would have been

completed in the past.

Structure Example
+ S + should/would + have + I should have been here at nine
been + O oclock tomorrow
- S + should/would + not + have I should have been at nine oclock
+ been + O tomorrow
? Should/would + S + have + Should i have been at nine oclock
been + O tomorrow

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 8. Past future perfect continous tense
Past future perfect continous tense to reveal the events that will be taking

place in the past been.

Structure Example
+ S + should/would + Ving + O I should have been watching you for
weeks
- S +should/would + not + have I shouldnt have been watching you
been + Ving + O for weeks
? Should/would + S + have been Should I have been watching you
+ Ving + O for weeks ?

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 PASSIVE VOICE

Passive voive very commonly used in everyday conversation. passive voice

eminently practical. passive voice sentence structure in accordance with

tensesnya and formed using to be (am, is, are, was, were, been, being).

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 Active

Structure Example
+ S + have/has + been + V3 Marry has been sent the letter
- S + have/has + not + been + V3 Marry hasnt been sent the letter
? Have/has + S + been + V3 Has Merry been sent the letter?

Passive :

Structure
+ S + have/has + been + V3 + by
- S + have/has+ not + been + V3
+ by
? Have/has + S + been + V3 + by
Example
The letter has been sent by Merry
The letter hasnt sent by Merry
Has the letter been sent by Merry?

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 Passive : the anti depression medications
have been prescribed (by doctor John) to
the patient

Have the anti depression medications been

prescribed (by doctor John) to the patient

When have the anti depression medications

been prescribed (by doctor John) to the
patient ?

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