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FAARFIELD Rigid Incl 3D FEM
FAARFIELD Rigid Incl 3D FEM
1 Federal Aviation
Administration
Rigid Pavements
Workshop: FAARFIELD
New FAA Design Software for
Airport Pavement Thickness
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
12, 2007 Federal Aviation 2
November 15, 2007 Administration
FAARFIELD 1.1 Federal Aviation
Administration
Rigid Pavements
Brief Background on 3D Finite
Element
procedure.
An exact mathematical Quadratic (20 -Node) Focal Point
Brick
solution.
Always preferable to other Nonconforming Infinite Element
analysis models. (Incompatible Modes)
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
12, 2007 Federal Aviation 4
November 15, 2007 Administration
Why 3D Finite Element?
For rigid pavements, we desire a method that gives
a direct edge stress solution for a layered structural
system.
Layered elastic analysis programs such as LEAF
always assume continuous, uniform layers with no
interruptions (e.g., no joints).
LEAF cannot model jointed rigid pavements accurately.
LEDFAA 1.3 compensates for this with the equivalent edge
stress approach, but this is theoretically unsatisfactory and is
not extendable to new aircraft types.
3D-FEM provides a practical solution.
Suitable for modeling complex landing gear configurations
explicitly.
Recent advances in computing power allow implementation in
routine design programs.
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
12, 2007 Federal Aviation 5
November 15, 2007 Administration
Summary of Advantages and
Disadvantages of 3D-FEM
Advantages Disadvantages
Properly models rigid May require long computation
pavement features including times.
slab edges and joints. Pre-processing and post-
Provides the complete stress processing requirements.
and displacement fields for Solution may be mesh-
the analyzed domain. dependent.
Handles complex load In theory, the solution can
configurations easily. always be improved by
No inherent limitation on refining the 3D mesh.
number of structural layers or Improvement comes at the
expense of time.
material types.
Not limited to linear elastic
analysis.
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February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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Layered Elastic Analysis is Used in
FAARFIELD Too!
2a
Both layered elastic (LEAF)
and 3D-FEM (NIKE3D) are q
used in FAARFIELD.
E1, 1 h1
Flexible pavement design
E2, 2 h2
LEAF is used for all structural
computations. E3, 3
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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3D-FEM Load (6 Wheels)
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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3D-FEM Solution - Deflection
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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3D-FEM Solution - Stress xx
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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3D-FEM Solution - Stress yy
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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3D-FEM Solution - Stress zz
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
12, 2007 Federal Aviation 12
November 15, 2007 Administration
3D FEM Mesh Optimization
S/D 2D
(Single/Dual) (Dual Tandem)
3D Complex
(Triple Dual Tandem)
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
12, 2007 Federal Aviation 13
November 15, 2007 Administration
FAARFIELD 1.1 Federal Aviation
Administration
Rigid Pavements
Example New Rigid Design
Pavement Structure:
PCC Slab, P-501, R = 700 psi (4.83 MN/m2 )
Cement-Treated Base, P-304, 6 in. (152 mm) thick
Crushed Aggregate Base, P-209, 8 in. (203 mm)
thick
Subgrade k = 100 pci (27.1 MN/m3)
Traffic Mix:
Washington Dulles RWY 1L
14-Aircraft Mix includes B777, A340
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February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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Traffic Mix: IAD RWY 1L-19R
Airport/Feature: Washington Dulles Airport (IAD), RWY 1L-19R
Aircraft No. Aircraft Gross Weight, lbs. (Tonnes) Annual Departures
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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Example New Rigid Design
Problem Set-Up
1. In Startup window, create
a new section in job
Workshop by copying
section NewRigid from
job Samples. Name the
new section Example2.
2. Open section Example1,
navigate to the Aircraft
window, and click Save
to Float to save all
aircraft to Float Aircraft.
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February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
12, 2007 Federal Aviation 17
November 15, 2007 Administration
Example New Rigid Design
Problem Set-Up
3. Open section Example2,
and navigate to the
Aircraft window. Click
Clear List to remove the
sample aircraft.
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February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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November 15, 2007 Administration
Example New Rigid Design
Problem Set-Up
1. Click Modify Structure
and click on the
appropriate boxes to
change the default layer
properties.
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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November 15, 2007 Administration
Design Running
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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Rigid Example Final Design
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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CDF Contribution
CDF CDF Max P/C
No. Name Contribution for Aircraft Ratio
1 Sngl Whl-30 0.00 0.00 2.89
2 Sngl Whl-60 0.00 0.00 2.74
3 Sngl Whl-60 0.00 0.00 2.74
4 Adv. B727-200 Option 0.01 0.34 2.97
5 B737-700 0.00 0.06 3.69
6 B737-800 0.00 0.05 3.55
7 B757-200 0.00 0.00 3.95
8 DC8-63/73 0.00 0.01 3.38
9 B767-200 0.01 0.01 3.83
10 B777-200 ER 0.23 0.23 4.12
11 B777-300 Baseline 0.27 0.27 3.88
12 B747-400 0.24 0.24 3.47
13 DC10-10 0.03 0.03 3.80
14 MD11ER 0.15 0.15 3.71
15 MD11ER Belly 0.00 0.27 3.04
16 A340-300 std 0.07 0.07 1.88
17 A340-300 std Belly 0.00 0.09 2.86
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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November 15, 2007 Administration
FAARFIELD 1.1 Federal Aviation
Administration
Rigid Pavements
Rigid Overlay Design in
FAARFIELD
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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November 15, 2007 Administration
FAARFIELD Overlay Design
PCC on Rigid Overlays
Fully bonded overlays
Treat as a new rigid pavement design.
Thickness of overlay slab is hoverlay = hdesign hexist.
Unbonded overlay
Bond breaker or leveling course is used.
Partially bonded overlay
No longer a standard design in AC 150/5320-6E.
Default in FAARFIELD is off.
May be enabled from the Options window, but
displays a Non-Standard Structure message.
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February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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Rigid on Rigid Overlay - FAARFIELD Rigid Overlay Model
Z
Y X
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February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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FAARFIELD Overlay Design
Required Inputs
Existing rigid pavement condition is characterized by the
Structural Condition Index (SCI).
SCI is a subset of PCI that considers only load-related
distresses. The new AC gives guidance on SCI.
For existing pavements with structural damage (SCI < 100)
The user inputs a value of SCI for the existing pavement. The range of
allowable values depends on the overlay type:
Rigid on Rigid Overlays: SCI 40100
Flexible on Rigid Overlays: SCI 67100 (was 50-100)
The Help file gives approximate formulas for relating SCI to Cr and Cb
factors in earlier method.
For existing pavements where SCI=100 (no structural damage):
Estimate a value of % CDF Used (%CDFU).
The Help file gives guidance on estimating %CDFU using the Life key.
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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November 15, 2007 Administration
Rigid Life Example - %CDFU
%CDFU=21.57
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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FAARFIELD 1.1 Federal Aviation
Administration
Rigid Pavements
Example HMA on Rigid
Overlay Design
Pavement Structure:
Flexible Overlay, P-401
PCC Slab, 10 in. (254 cm), R = 715 psi
(4.93 MN/m2), SCI = 70
Cement Treated Base, P-304, 6 in. (152 mm)
Crushed Aggregate Base, P-209, 8 in. (203 mm)
Subgrade k = 100 pci (27.1 MN/m3)
Traffic Mix:
Washington Dulles RWY 1L
14-Aircraft Mix includes B777, A340
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
12, 2007 Federal Aviation 30
November 15, 2007 Administration
Example HMA on Rigid Overlay
Problem Set-Up (Metric)
1. Highlight Example2 and
click Dup Section. When
prompted, change the
name to Example3. Double
click on Example3 to open
the Structure window.
2. Click Modify Structure
and make changes to the
PCC layer properties.
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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November 15, 2007 Administration
Example HMA on Rigid Overlay
Problem Set-Up (Metric)
1. Click Add/Delete Layer
and select the PCC surface
layer. In the dialogue box,
select Add. A new PCC
surface layer will appear.
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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Example HMA on Rigid Overlay
Problem Set-Up (Metric)
1. Click on the label SCI=67
at the top of the display. In
the Changing Existing
SCI dialog box enter 70
and click OK.
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Example HMA on Rigid Overlay
Final Design
FAARFIELD
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FAARFIELD 1.1 Federal Aviation
Administration
Rigid Pavements
Example PCC on Rigid Overlay
Design
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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Estimate %CDFU
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February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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Estimate %CDFU (Example)
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February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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Estimate %CDFU (Example)
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Example: PCC on Rigid Overlay
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Example: PCC on Rigid Overlay
12. In the upper right corner of the
Structure window:
1. Change SCI to 100.
2. Change %CDFU to 84.
13. Change Design Life to 20
years (standard).
14. Change R (overlay) to 4.48 MPa
15. Click End Modify.
16. Click Save Structure.
17. Click Aircraft to go to the
Aircraft window.
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February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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Example: PCC on Rigid Overlay
18. In the Aircraft window:
1. Click Clear List to clear all
aircraft from the list.
2. Add the design aircraft list
manually or using the Add Float
function.
19. Click Save List and Back to
return to the Structure
Window.
20. Click Design Structure to
run the overlay design.
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February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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November 15, 2007 Administration
Example: PCC on Rigid Overlay
Final Design
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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FAARFIELD 1.1 Federal Aviation
Administration
Rigid Pavements
FAARFIELD Output Files
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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Output Files Additional Information
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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FAARFIELD 1.1 Federal Aviation
Administration
Rigid Pavements
More Information
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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Questions?
FAARFIELD
February 1.1: Rigid Pavement Design
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