This document discusses referred visceral pain or allodynia. It explains that visceral pain originates from internal organs but can be felt in superficial somatic areas due to shared innervation of spinal segments. Visceral stimuli activate neurons that also receive somatic input, causing pain to be perceived in the skin or muscles. Theories for this include dermatomal distribution, convergence in the spinal cord, or facilitation of somatic pathways by visceral afferents. Visceral pain is often dull, deep, difficult to locate, and accompanied by autonomic effects.
This document discusses referred visceral pain or allodynia. It explains that visceral pain originates from internal organs but can be felt in superficial somatic areas due to shared innervation of spinal segments. Visceral stimuli activate neurons that also receive somatic input, causing pain to be perceived in the skin or muscles. Theories for this include dermatomal distribution, convergence in the spinal cord, or facilitation of somatic pathways by visceral afferents. Visceral pain is often dull, deep, difficult to locate, and accompanied by autonomic effects.
This document discusses referred visceral pain or allodynia. It explains that visceral pain originates from internal organs but can be felt in superficial somatic areas due to shared innervation of spinal segments. Visceral stimuli activate neurons that also receive somatic input, causing pain to be perceived in the skin or muscles. Theories for this include dermatomal distribution, convergence in the spinal cord, or facilitation of somatic pathways by visceral afferents. Visceral pain is often dull, deep, difficult to locate, and accompanied by autonomic effects.
Nyeri alih merupakan sensasi nyeri atau rasa nyeri somatik dalam atau rasa nyeri viseral yang terasa didaerah somatik superfisial Sumber nyeri berada jauh dari titik asalnya Lokasi nyeri alih mendapatkan suplay segmen saraf spinal yang sama dengan alat viseral Organ viseral dari struktur embrionik yang sama memberikan lokasi nyeri alih yang sama Nyeri viseral berasal dari organ internal, abdomen atau dada Ex. angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, acute pancreatitis, cephalic pain, prostatic pain, nephrolytiatic pain Receptors: unmyelinated C - fibres Adequate stimuli of inducing visceral pain abnormal distention and contraction of the hollow viscera muscle walls rapid stretching of the capsule of such solid visceral organs as are the liver, spleen, pancreas abrupt anoxemia of visceral muscles formation and accumulation of pain - producing substances direct action of chemical stimuli (oesophagus, stomach) traction or compression of ligaments and vessels inflammatory processes necrosis of some structures (myocardium, pancreas) Characteristic feature of true visceral pain dull, deep, not well defined, and differently described by the patients sometimes it is difficult to locate this type of pain because it tends to irradiate it is often accompanied by a sense of malaise it induces strong autonomic reflex phenomena (much more pronounced than in pain of somatic origin) diffuse sweating, vasomotor responses, changes of arterial pressure and heart rate, and an intense psychic alarm reaction in angina pectoris Charasteristic feature of refered visceral pain (transferred pain) Pain process affecting a viscous recurs frequently or becomes more intense and prolonged, the location becomes more exact and the painfull sensation is progressively felt in more superficial struftures Refered pain may be accompanied by allodynia and cutaneous and muscular hyperalgesia Painful visceral afferent impulses activate anterior horn motor cells to produce rigidity of the muscle (visceromotor reflexes) A similar activation of anterolateral autonomic cells induces pyloerection, vasoconstriction, and other sympathetic phenomena Both mechanisms positive sympathetic and motor feedback loops Rangsang nyeri viseral yang disampaikan melalui radiks posterior ke kornu posterior sewaktu-waktu dapat menimbulkan hiperestesia pada dermatom yang sesuai dengan segmen yang mensarafi alat viseral tersebut Cabang-cabang serabut nyeri viseral (tipe C) bersinaps dengan neuron yang bersamaan dengan serabut nyeri yang berasal dari kulit (tipe A delta) pada medula spinalis Bila serabut visera terangsang, sinyal nyeri visera akan dijalarkan melalui neuron yang sama dengan sinyal nyeri yang berasal dari kulit, akibatnya akan merasakan sensasi yang benar-benar berasal dari kulit. T eori dermatom Nyeri alih terasa pada kulit yang berasal dari dermatom yang sama dengan alat viseral yang terkena. Misalnya nyeri jantung dialihkan ke lengan Teori konvergensi Impuls nyeri dari organ viseral bersinap di kornu posterior pada sel di nukleus proprius yang menerima impuls dari dermatom Traktus spinotalamikus lateralis menerima somatik dan viseral thalamus kortek somatosensorik Teori fasilitasi Impuls dari alat viseral memberikan kolateral ke sel kedua (yang menerima impuls dari kulit) sebelum bersinap di nukleus proprius Impuls nyeri viseral menurunkan ambang rangsang neurotraktus spinothalamikus yang menerima sinaps dari serat aferensomatik karena adanya cabang serat aferen visera yang bersinap di neuron traktus spinothalamikus (sinap ganda) excitatory post synaptic potential (EPSP) impuls lemah bisa membangkitkan nyeri