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Leukemia Cells & Colorectal
Leukemia Cells & Colorectal
Leukemia Cells & Colorectal
MIDTERM
BSN IV - B
In a person with leukemia, the bone marrow
makes abnormal WBC. The abnormal cells
are leukemia cells.
Other: 5% incidence.
Hairy Cell Leukemia:
Unsual type of chronic leukemia.
Development of “SPIKY” WBC that behave
aggresively.
Radiation
• Damages cells by destroying the genetic
material that controls how cells grow and
divide.
They are characterized by the ability to
renew themselves through mitotic cell
division and differentiate into a diverse range
of specialized cell types.
Bone marrow transplantation
Peripheral stem cell transplantation
Umbilical cord blood transplantation
Autologous stem blood transplantation
Syngeneic stem blood transplantation
Method of replacing blood-forming cells
destroyed by cancer treatment.
Immature blood cells (stem cells) in the
circulating blood.
Transplantation may be autologous (an
individual’s own blood cell saved earlier).
Allogeneic – blood cells donated by someone
else.
Syngeneic – blood cells donated by identical
twin.
Myelosuppression
Alopecia
Mouth and lip sore, nausea, vomiting,
constipation or diarrhea
Infertility
Rashes or swelling at injection site
Easy fatigability
Graft versus host disease
COLORECTAL
Sigmoid colon is the most common site
Predominantly adenocarcinoma
If early diag→ 90% Survival
34% diag. early
66% late diag.
Colorectal area is the 3rd most common site of
new cancer cases and death.
NURSING INTERVENTION:
Pre-operative care:
~ Provide high protein, high calories and low residue
diet.
~ Provide information about post-op care and stoma
care.
~ Administer antibiotics 1 day prior.
~ Enema or colonic irrigation the evening and morning
of surgery.
~ NGT is inserted to prevent distention.
~ Monitor UO, F and E, abdominal PE.
Post-operative care:
~ Monitor for complication.
~ Leakage from the site, prolapse of stoma, skin
irritation and pulmonary complication.
~ Asses the abdomen for return of peristalsis.
~ Asses wound dressing for bleeding.
~ Assists patient in ambulation after 24hours
~ Provide nutritional teaching.
- Limit food that cause gas-forming and odor.
- Cabbage, beans, eggs, fish, peanuts.
- Low-fiber diet in the early stage of recovery.
- Instruct to splint the incision & administer pain
medication before exercise.
~ Stoma is PINKISH to cherry red, slightly edematous
with minimal pinkish drainage.
~ Manage post-operation complication.
• NURSING INTERVENTION: COLOSTOMY CARE
• Begins to function 3-6days after surgery.
• Drainage may be soft / mushy or semi-solid
depending on the site.
• Best time to do skin care is after shower.
• Apply tape to the side of the pouch before shower.
Assume a sitting or steady position in changing
the pouch.
Instruct to gently push the skin down and the
pouch pulling up.
Wash the peristomal area with soap and water.
Cover the stoma while wasting the peristomal
area.
Lightly pad dry the area and never rub.
Lightly dust the peristomal area with nystatin
powder.
Measure the stomal opening.
Empty the pouch or change the pouch when:
1/3 to ¼ full (Brunner)
½ to 1/3 full (Kozier)
COMPLICATION:
Partial / complete bowel obstruction
Hemorrhage
Perforation
Abcess formation
Peristonitis
Sepsis and shock