Function of the Brain

The brain is divided into sections. These sections include the

cerebrum, the cerebellum, the diencephalon, and the brainstem.
Each of these parts is responsible for certain portions of the brain's
overall job. The larger parts are, in turn, divided into smaller areas that
handle smaller portions of the work. Different areas often share
responsibility for the same task.
The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. It is responsible for
memory, speech, the senses, emotional response, and more. It is
divided into several sections called lobes. These lobes are referred to
as the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital; each handles a specific
segment of the cerebrum's jobs.
The cerebellum is below and behind the cerebrum and is attached
to the brain stem. It controls motor function, the body's ability to
balance, and its ability to interpret information sent to the brain by
the eyes, ears, and other sensory organs.
The functions the brain stem governs include respiration, blood
pressure, some reflexes, and the changes that happen in the body
during what is called the fight or flight response. The brain stem is
also divided into several distinct sections: the midbrain, pons, and
medulla oblongata.
 The diencephalon is inside the cerebrum above the brain
stem. Its tasks include sensory function, food intake control,
and the body's sleep cycle. As with the other parts of the
brain, it is divided into sections. These include the thalamus,
hypothalamus, and epithalamus.

The brain is protected from damage by several layers of

defenses. Outermost are the bones of the skull. Beneath the
skull are the meninges, a series of sturdy membranes that
surround the brain and spinal cord. Inside the meninges, the
brain is cushioned by fluid.
Still, the brain can suffer damage, become diseased, or
malfunction. These problems may include cancer, physical
injuries such as skull fractures, and ruptures of blood vessels
that supply the brain.
 Anatomy
The art of separating the parts of an organism in order to
ascertain their position, relations, & structure
Cutting something up to see whats inside
structure
Types of anatomy
Microscopic anatomy
Cytology-internal structure of cells
Histology-study of tissues (groups of cells)
Gross anatomy
Surface anatomy
Regional anatomy
Systemic anatomy
 Gross anatomy
Surface anatomy
-anatomy that we can see at the surface of the body (everyday
life)
Regional anatomy-
complete anatomy (internal) of a specific region of the body
(learning every blood vessel, muscle, bones, etc. in the arm)
-medical school
Systemic anatomy-the body is divided into 11 organ systems
-(our class)
Enotional needs of Adolescent
 Physiology of Brain
The brain is a spongy organ made up of nerve and supportive
tissues. It is located in the head and is protected by a bony covering
called the skull. The base, or lower part, of the brain is connected to
the spinal cord. Together, the brain and spinal cord are known as the
central nervous system (CNS). The spinal cord contains nerves that
send information to and from the brain.

Structure and function of the brain

The brain is the bodys control centre. It constantly receives and
interprets nerve signals from the body and responds based on this
information. Different parts of the brain control movement, speech,
emotions, consciousness and internal body functions, such as heart
rate, breathing and body temperature.

 Cerebrum
The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. It is divided into 2 parts (halves)
called the left and right cerebral hemispheres. The 2 hemispheres are
connected by a bridge of nerve fibres called the corpus callosum.
The right half of the cerebrum (right hemisphere) controls the left side of
the body. The left half of the cerebrum (left hemisphere) controls the right
side of the body.
The outer surface of the cerebrum is called the cerebral cortex or grey
matter. It is the area of the brain where nerve cells make connections, called
synapses, that control brain activity. The inner area of the cerebrum
contains the insulated (myelinated) bodies of the nerve cells (axons) that
relay information between the brain and spinal cord. This inner area is
called the white matter because the insulation around the axons gives it a
whitish appearance.

Brain stem
The brain stem is a bundle of nerve tissue at the base of the brain. It
connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord and sends messages between
different parts of the body and the brain.

 Pineal gland
The pineal gland is a very small gland in the third ventricle of the brain.
It produces the hormone melatonin, which influences sleeping and
waking patterns and sexual development.
Choroid plexus
The choroid plexus is a small organ in the ventricles that makes CSF.
Cranial nerves
There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that perform specific functions in
the head and neck area. The first pair starts in the cerebrum, while the
other 11 pairs start in the brain stem. Cranial nerves are indicated by
number (Roman numeral) or name.

Spinal nerves
The spine relays messages between the body and the brain. These nerve
messages control body functions like movement, bladder and bowel
control and breathing. Each vertebra has a pair of spinal nerves that
receive messages from the body (sensory impulses) and send messages
to the body (motor impulses). The spinal nerves are numbered from the
cervical spine to the sacral spine.