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Major Metabolic Pathways
Major Metabolic Pathways
Major Metabolic Pathways
-phosphofructokinase
is key enzyme in
regulation of
glycolysis
Gluconeogenesis
--Fructose 1,6,-
bisphosphatase as
principalyl
regulated enzyme
Glycolysis and
gluconeogenesis are
reciprocally regulated!
Citric Acid Cycle & Oxidative
Phosphorylation
ATP regulates TCA cycle by inhibiting
isocitrate dehydrogenase and
ketoglutarate dedyrdrogenase
Fatty Acid Synthesis and Degradation
Synthesis: cytosolic
pathway; addition of
C2 units to growing
chain on an acyl
carrier protein (ACP)
via malonyl CoA as
activated
intermediate; Acetyl
CoA carboxylase as
key control site
Degradation:
mitochondrial pathway
of oxidation;
requires regeneration
of NAD+ and FAD,
malonyl CoA inhibits
FA degradation by
inhibiting carnitine
acetyl transferase .
Amino acid degradation and urea cycle
Carbamoyl-phosphate sinthetase
is stimulated by N-
acetylglutamine, which signals the
presence of high amounts of
nitrogen in the body
Glycogenesis
Flow is regulated in the
gluconeogenesis-specific
reactions. Pyruvate carboxilase is
activated by acetyl-CoA, which
signals the abundance of citric acid
cycle intermediates
Glycogen metabolism
The metabolism of glycogen or
glucose to provide energy for
exercise occurs in one of two ways,
depending on the presence of
available oxygen to the muscle,
which in turn depends on the type
of exercise being performed.
Pentose phosphate pathway
Metabolic flow through the
pentose phosphate pathway is
controlled by the activity of
glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase, which is
controlled by NADP+ availability.
Glycolysis
Glycogen metabolism
Pentose phosphate pathway
Gluconeogenesi
s
ketogenesis
Fatty Acid
Synthesis and
Degradation
Total 10 2 4 36
or,
Fermentation 1-2 0 0-2 1-4
Metabolic Profile of Organs
18