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MASTIGOPHORA
MASTIGOPHORA
MASTIGOPHORA
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Mastighophora
FLAGELA TRAKUS
DISGESTIVUS & UROGENITAL
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1. Giardia Lambia
2. Chilomastix Mesnili
3. Trichomonas vaginalis
4. Trichomonas tenax
5. Trichomonas hominis
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1. GIARDIA LAMBIA
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Hospes: manusia,
Penyakit: girdiasis
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Morfologi
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Aksenoma agak tebal dr 2 blefaroplas median.
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buah jambu monyet
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Giardia lamblia trophozoite
These are from culture. The flagella and two nuclei are visible. IC. x 400.
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Giardia lamblia trophozoite
The ventral disc by which the parasite attaches to intestinal tissues is clearly seen
as a circular body in the cytoplasm. DF. x 400.
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Giardia lamblia trophozoites
Stained with DNA binding dye Hoechst 33258 reveals the paired nuclei in
each trophozoite. x 400. (Courtesty of Dr. Peter Boreham)
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Giardia lamblia cyst
Note the ovoid shape and the small space between the cyst wall and the
cytoplasm. Iodine stain. x 400.
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Patologi & Gejala Klinis
Pengobatan
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Epidemologi
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2. TRICHOMONAS
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Ada 4 flagel anterior, 1 flagel posterior.
Pada manusia
1. T. Tenax: Hidup dlm mulut.
2. T. Hominis: hidup di kolon (sekum)
3. T. Vaginalis
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2.1 . TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS
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Hospes: Manusia
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Morfologi & Daur Hidup
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Mati dlm suhu 50C & pH 4,9
Tak bisa hidup dlm vagina yg asam, tdk tahan
dgn desinfektan dan antibiotik.
Infeksi: bersetubuh (masuk dlm btk trofozoid)
Bisa menular melalui toilet seat/lap mandi
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Trichomonas vaginalis from culture
After staining, the parasites show a large nucleus near the anterior end, a linear
axostyle stretching along the body and flagella. In the center is a dividing parasite
with two nuclei. Giemsa. x 400.
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Patologi dan Gejala Klinis
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Diagnosis
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Pengobatan
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Epidemologi
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2.2 . TRICHOMONAS TENAX
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Rongga mulut yang kotor
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2.3 . TRICHOMONAS HOMINIS
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Diusus
- Penularan melalui makanan
- Patogen diare ringan
- DD dengan T.vaginalis :
o oval-bulat ,ukuran lebih kecil
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o free flagella di posterior
Mastighophora
FLAGELATA
DARAH/JARINGAN
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1. Amastigot (stadium leismania).
Bentuknya bundar atau bujur
tanpa flagel yang bebas.
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3 Spesies pd manusia: L. Donovani, L.
Tropica, L. Braziliensis.
2 stadium:
1. Amastigot pd manusia,
2. Promastigot pd lalat / hospes perantara.
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Amastigot Lalat Phlebotomus isap darah
pnderita lambung lalat promastigot
belah pasang longitudinal esofagus/faring
lalat manusia sehat badan manusia
promastigot ke makrofag amastigot
belah pasang longitudinal intraseluler.
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Hospes :
Mc (definitif),
Anjing (reservoar)
Lalat phlebotomus (perantara / vektor)
Penyakit: Leishmaniasis Viseral.
Dari anjing dpt menular kpd manusia.
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Didapat 5 tipe kala azar sesuai dgn letak
geografis & tipe strain vektornya.
5 tipe itu adlh:
1. Tipe India (pd dewasa muda).
2. Tipe Mediterania (pd anak balita)
3. Tipe cina (pd anak balita & dewasa)
4. Tipe Sudan (pd remaja & dewasa muda)
5. Tipe Amerika selatan (smua umur/kasus jarang)
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Morfologi
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Leishmania donovani amastigotes in impression smear from infected
hamster spleen
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Leishmania donovani amastigotes from bone marrow of a Kala-Azar patient
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Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Amastigotes in skin section
Gejala Klinis
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Leishmania donovani
This parasite causes visceral
leishmaniasis or Kala-Azar. The
liver and spleen are grossly
enlarged. In tropics, the main
differential diagnosis is from
malaria.
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Post Kala-Azar dermal leishmaniasis
(PKDL)
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Page 58 PKDL
Diagnosis
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Pengobatan
Na antimonium glukonat,
Etilstibamin,
Diamidin,
Pentamidin,
Amfoteresin B,
Stilbamidin.
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1.2 LEISHMANIA TROPICA
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Hospes: Manusia (Definitif); Anjing
(reservoar), Lalat phlebotomus (Perantara).
Penyakit: Leishmania Kulit/Oriental Sore
2 tipe Oriental Sore:
1. Leishmania Kulit Kering (Urban)
2. Leishmania Kulit Basah ( Rural)
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Morfologi & Daur Hidup
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Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Dry type scaly lesions on the upper arm and back. Probably caused
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by L. tropica. (Courtesy of Major Semeen)
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
A single scaly lesion on the index finger. It is a dry type probably
caused by L. tropica. Self-healing occurred. (Courtesy of Major
Page 66 Semeen)
Leishmaniasis recidivans
This is an unusual sequel of
cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by
L. tropica. Note the presence of a
large non-ulcerating lesion on the
cheek and above the eyebrow.
Patient had this condition for many
years and it persisted in spite of
repeated chemotherapy.
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Leishmaniasis recidivans
Same patient as in Fig 2.45. Close up of the lesion above the eye brow
showing the presence of reddish papules along the edge of the scar
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tissue. By this means, the lesion spreads slowly over many years.
Dermatologist also call this condition as lupoid leishmaniasis.
Diagnosis
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Pengobatan
Salep Paromomisin, Alopurinol.
Epidemiologi
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1.3 LEISHMANIA BRASILIENSIS
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Manusia Hospes Definitif,
Lalat Phlebotomus Hospes Perantara
Ada di Benua Amerika
3 tipe strain:
1. Ulkus meksiko
2. Tipe Uta
3. Tipe Espundia
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Morfologi: Tdk dpt dibedakan dgn L. Donovani
& Tropica
Stad Amastigot hdup dlm sel RE di bawah kulit
(porte dentre) & menyebar ke selaput lendir
yang berdekatan mulut, hidung, tl rwan telinga)
Diagnosis: Sama dgn L. Tropica.
Obat: Etilstibamin (I.V), Na antimonium tartrat,
stibofen. Amfoteresin B, antibiotika
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Epidemologi
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Muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis (Espundia)
Probably caused by L. braziliensis. Note
the inflammation and thickening of the
nose and adjacent areas. This is a non-
ulcerative form of the disease. (Courtesy of
Dr. Bryce C. Walton)
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Muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis (Espundia)
Probably caused by L. braziliensis. An
ulcerative form showing partial destruction
of nose and upper lip. Ulceration often
extends to soft palate and pharynx and
response to chemotherapy is poor.
(Courtesy of Dr. Bryce C. Walton)
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Muco-cutaneous
leishmaniasis (Espundia)
Showing almost complete
destruction of the nasal
septum. (Courtesy of Dr.
David Schwartz)
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2. TRYPANOSOMA
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Ada 3 Spesies:
1. T. Rhodensiese
2. T. Gambiese
3. T. Cruzi
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2.1 T. RHODIENSE &
T. GAMBIESE
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Hospes: Manusia (definitif),
Antilop (reservoar T.R),
Sapi, babi, kambing (reservoar T.G).
Geografik: Afrika tropik.
Penyakit : Tripanosomiasis afrika atau
sleeping sickness
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Morfologi: tak ada beda antara keduanya
Terdpt pd stadium Tripomastigot dlm
darah
2 btk : Panjang (32 ) & Pndek (16 )
Punya sifat polimorf
Stad. Tripomastigot hidup di luar sel:
darah, limfa, limfe, cairan otak, dan otak.
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Berkembang biak: Belah pasang longitudinal
Stadium Tripomastigot berkembang biak di
usus tengah dan usus belakang migrasi ke
kel.ludah Stad. Epimastigot Stad.
Tripomastigot metasiklik probosis gigit
manusia masuk ke tubuh manusia.
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T.G infektif 20 hr.
T.R infektif 14 hr.
Cr penularan : anterior inokulatif.
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T. Rhodensiense
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Trypanosoma rhodesiense from rat blood
Page 89 A small dot-like kinetoplast is visible at the posterior end of each parasite.
Giemsa. x 1,000.
Trypanosomal chancre
This is the earliest clinical lesion which develops at site of inoculation by
Page 90 the Tsetse fly. It is painless and may resemble a boil. (Courtesy of WHO.)
Morula cell in brain
These mononuclear cells are characteristic of African trypanosomiasis
and consist of vesicular bodies inside the IgM producing plasma cells. H
Page 91 & E. x 1,000.
TRYPANOSOMA GAMBIENSE
DIAGNOSIS
1. Langsung pd sediaan darah
2. Biopsi kelenjar & pungsi sumsum tulang
3. Imunologis antifluoresens
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2.2 TRIPANOSOMA CRUZI
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Tripanosoma Cruzi
Hospes:
o Manusia (definitif),
o Kucing anjing (reservoar),
o Triatoma (perantara)
Penyakit: Tripanosomiasis Amerika/Chargas
Distribusi: Benua Amerika
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MORFOLOGI & DAUR HIDUP
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TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI
Note the large kinetoplast and curved outline of the parasite. Giemsa. x 1,000.
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Amastigotes in heart muscle. In section, they appear as small dots. Note the
clumping of the parasites to form pseudocysts. H & E. x 800.
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Amastigot : belah pasang longitudinal.
Tripomastigot Epimastigot
Triatoma
Tripomastigot
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Gejala Klinik