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Temporary Overvoltages in Power System
Temporary Overvoltages in Power System
Temporary Overvoltages in Power System
Lecture # 11
BY
Introduction
1) Lightening over-voltages.
2) Switching over-voltages.
3) Temporary over-voltages.
2
Temporary Over Voltages
Temporary Over-Voltage
A temporary over voltage is an oscillatory phase to earth or phase to
phase over- voltage of relatively long duration and which is
undamped or only weakly damped.
Lightening and switching over-voltages are of short duration and
usually highly damped.
Both switching and temporary over voltages occur as a result of a
switching operation or the initiation or clearance of a fault.
As a consequence it is sometimes difficult to make a clear distinction
between these two types of over-voltages.
3
Effects of Temporary OverVoltages on
power system
Temporary over-voltage may have different effects on the
system. Among them are;
1) Flashover of insulators
2) Puncture of internal insulation if magnitude is high.
3) Heating of transformer.
4) Heating of the reactor cores.
5) Mechanical damage to the shaft of turbo generator under
condition of subsychronous resonance.
6) Reseal properties of surge diverters is affected.
7) Thermal stability of the arrestors is also disturbed
sometimes. 4
Temporary OverVoltages
6
A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
Load
Load
V
Open it
7
A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
8
A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
(A-1) Sudden Loss of Load
Consider a circuit to understand the effects of different parameter
on over- voltage.
1000MW
PS 1200MVA 300 KM Line
+ LOAD
250MVA
250MVA
After
disconnection
1.4 3000
4000
1.3 3000
1.2 4000
1.1
Short Circuit
Before disconnected MVA
1.0
0.9
Open
end
Along the line
9
A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
V2
X
S
More MVA short circuit, less will be the voltage rise compared with
less MVA short circuit more will be the voltage rise.
XL
X L WL
X L 2 fL
f increase
X L increase
Lesscurrentdraw
11
A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
(A-1) Sudden Loss of Load
Over voltage also depends on how much load is rejected if more
load is rejected then more will be the overvoltage.
PL = ?
PSc 1200MVA T.L
250MVA
50HZ
250MVA
1.4
1.3
Loads
(PL)
1.2
1200MW
O.V
1.1
600MW
1.0 400MW
200 400 600
13
A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
(A-2) Asymmetrical Short Circuit Faults
Most Frequent faults on the lines are single line to ground, due to
such a fault, the voltage of the healthy Phase is increased. The
maximum voltage increased on healthy phase is in the case when
neutral is insulated.
VH
VH VPh
Fault
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A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
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A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
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A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
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A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
C V
E
18
A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
XT Open end
Xg
VR > VS
VR
Vs
The voltage rise in the open line is due to the Ferranti effect.
19
A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
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A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
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A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
Transformer
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A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
Transformer
C.B LINE
Net work
ZN1 Z4
zT1
Zc1
Connection
of
ZN2 Zc2
sequence
network
Zc2 zT2
ZN0 ZL0
Zc0 zT0
23
A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
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A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
25
A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
26
A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
Open Open
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A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
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A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
(A-5) Energisation of Composite Feeders
(a) Over head line & cable
A
Z=0 Z c 10 C
Z L 300
B
Overhead line.
Cable
Z C 10
Z L 300
4.P.u
4.0
3.0
VB (P.u) 2.0
1.0
Time
VA 2.0
(P.u)
1.0
Time
Case-ll (b) Energisation from (B) and Voltage at (A) 30
A- Power Frequency Tempory OverVoltages
(A-5) Energisation of Composite Feeders
(a) Over head line & cable
Consideration of the conditions at the junction of line and cable will
show that because (Zc << ZL) the surge impedance of the line is much
larger than that of the cable, a large proportion of any incoming wave
from cable will be reflected back to the source.
Z 2 Z1
KR
Z1 Z 2
2Z 2
KT
Z1 Z 2
The associated transmission coefficient at the junction will have a value
of 2.0 consequently if the feeder is energized at peak voltage from the
cable end, a traveling wave of almost 2.0 P.U may be transmitted into
the overhead line at the line/cable junction.
On arrival at the open circuited end of the line, doubling will occur and
produces a voltage approaching 4.0 P.U at that point.
31
A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
(A-5) Energisation of Composite Feeders
(a) Over head line & cable
E 2E
2E
4E
Cable T.L
KT= 2
2E
0.6E
0.6E
Cable
1.2E T.L
KT < 1
0.6E
32
A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
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A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
34
A- Power Frequency Tempory OverVoltages
Transformer
36
A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
(A-5) Energisation of Composite Feeders
(b) Transformer Terminated feeder
1 P.u VB
B 2 P.u 2 P.u
2
4
1
fl
2 3 5 6T 7 4
1
ft
2 LC
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A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
fl Line frequency
ft Tranforemer frequency
40
A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
(A-5) Energisation of Composite Feeders
(b) Transformer Terminated feeder
V3 L1 V1
1 2
C1
V
V2
L2
C2
Example
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A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
(A-5) Energisation of Composite Feeders
(b) Transformer Terminated feeder
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A- Power Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
(A-5) Energisation of Composite Feeders
(b) Transformer Terminated feeder
L
ZTC1 SmallasCisl arg e
C
L1
ZTC1 5300
C1
L2
ZTC 2 33000
C2
44
Temporary Overvoltage
(B) High Frequency Temporary OverVoltages
1500MVA 1500MVA
150MVAR
OR
Transformer
47
High Frequency Temporary Overvoltage
48
High Frequency Temporary Overvoltage
The best way to avoid this type of O.V is to avoid low side switching
and switching of transformer terminated lines altogether. If this is
impossible care must be exercised in selecting proper reactor control.
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Low Frequency Temporary Overvoltages
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Low Frequency Temporary Overvoltages
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Low Frequency Temporary Overvoltage
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Low Frequency Temporary overvoltages
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Low Frequency Temporary overvoltages
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Low Frequency Temporary overvoltages
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