Module Seven

Collective Behavior, Social

Movements and
Social Change

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Mauris massa erat, semper ut suscipit id, bibendum sed mi.
Vestibulum venenatis enim id urna rhoncus. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Lorem ipsum
dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Mauris massa erat, semper ut suscipit id, bibendum sed mi. Lorem ipsum
dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Mauris massa erat, semper ut suscipit id, bibendum sed mi. Vestibulum
venenatis enim id urna rhoncus. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Lorem ipsum dolor sit
amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Mauris massa erat, semper ut suscipit id, bibendum sed mi. Vestibulum venenatis
enim id urna rhoncus. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Overvie
wCollective Behavior
A.
Determinants of Collective Behavior
Characteristics of a Group Involved in Collective Behavior
Types of Collective Behavior
B. Social Movements
Classifications of Social Movement
Stages in the Development of Social Movement
C. Social Change
Process of Social Change
Modernity
D. Conclusion
Collective
Behavior
What is
Collective
Behavior ? that is relatively spontaneous,
refers to social behavior
transitory, emotional, and unpredictable.
is temporary , relatively undifferentiated patterns of
behavior that are not guided by shared norms. (Storer,
1980)
is non-routine action by an emotionally aroused
gathering of people who face an ambiguous situation.
(Lofland, 1985)
Determinants
of Collective
Behavior
1. When the existing pattern of school organization is
inadequate and irrelevant for coping with the
challenge of everyday life, collective behavior arises.
2. Collective behavior also arises when there is an
increasing indication that social control is becoming
weak in checking on the deviation committed by
members.
Determinants
of Collective
Behavior
3. When people are faced with a new and different
situation, which they have never encountered before,
collective behavior is formed.
Characteristics of a
Group Involved in
Collective Behavior

1. It is composed of relatively large number of

people.
2. Its relative anonymity prevails.
3. It is usually temporary in nature.
4. It lacks formal organization in terms of an
established system of differentiated positions.
Types of
Collective
Behavior
A. Crowd is a
temporary collection of
people reacting to the
same stimulus for a
particular period or
duration.
Types of Crowd

1. Casual Crowd is a cluster of people who are

gathered together because of an event or
happening.
Types of Crowd

2. Conventional Crowd is formed when

people gathered because of pre-arranged activity.
Types of Crowd

3. Expressive Crowd is formed around an

event that has an emotional appeal.
Types of Crowd

4. Acting Crowd is a kind of crowd where

members are actually involved in the event.
Types of Crowd

Kinds of Acting Crowd

a. Riot refers to the
restless, unorganized
behavior of crowds whose
actions are directed against
one another or targets.
Types of Crowd

Kinds of Acting Crowd

b. Mob an acting crowd
that becomes violent is
termed a mob, a highly
emotional crowd in
common pursuit of some
violent or destructive goal.
Types of Crowd

Kinds of Acting Crowd

c. Orgy is a ravel crowd which transgresses the
normal mores. Trough orgy, the individuals find a
means to release their suppressed emotions and
tensions.
Explanations
for Crowd
Behavior
Contagion Theory - People are more likely to
engage in antisocial behavior in a crowd because
they are anonymous and feel invulnerable.
Convergence theory - focuses on the shared
emotions, goals, and beliefs people bring to
crowd behavior.
Explanations
for Crowd
Behavior
Emergent-norm theory - crowds develop their
own definition of the situation and establish
norms for behavior that fits the occasion.
Types of
Collective
Behavior
B. Hysteria and Panic
are related forms of
collective behavior
characterized by
heightened emotions
among people dispersed
over a wide area.
Types of
Collective
Behavior
Mass Hysteria socially contagious frenzy of
irrational behavior in a group of people as a
reaction to an event.
Types of
Collective
Behavior
Panic is an abnormal response of people who are
facing life-threatening situations.
Types of
Collective
Behavior
C. Crazes, Fads and Fashions
Crazes these develop when particular objects
are given unusually high values and become the
obsessions of individuals.
Types of
Collective
Behavior
C. Crazes, Fads and Fashions
Fads refer to activities, objects of interest, styles
or trends that are popular or acceptable only for a
short period of time.
Types of
Collective
Behavior
C. Crazes, Fads and Fashions
Fashion refers to the preferred mode of
dressing, adornment, or way of life at a given
period of time by a large number of people.
Types of
Collective
Behavior
D. Rumor and Gossip
Rumor is unsubstantiated information spread
informally, often by word of mouth.
Types of
Collective
Behavior
D. Rumor and Gossip
Gossip the unconfirmed or unsubstantiated
information on the personal affairs of other people.
Types of
Collective
Behavior
Three Essential Characteristics of Rumor:
Rumor thrives in a climate of ambiguity.
Rumor is changeable.
Rumor is typically difficult to stop.
Types of
Collective
Behavior
E. Public Opinion widespread attitude toward
one or more controversial issues.
 Social
Movements
What is Social
Movement?
Additional form of collective behavior.
Also have given rise to the crowd activity, both as
planned tactics and as spontaneous outbursts.
Collectivity acting with some continuity to
promote or resist a change in the society or
group of which it is a part (Turner & Killian
1972).
What is Social
Movement?
Also refer to activities in which people unite in an
organize, long-term effort to change their society
or in which they resist and express their
dissatisfaction with the existing order through
outright and prolonged actions. (Holllnsteiner
1979)
When does
Social
Movement
arise?
when the members realize that the existing
norms are no longer applicable in a fast-changing
society.
Why do people
join Social
Movement?
Lack of basic social services
Social power
Human rights
Examples of
Social
Movement
Civil Rights Movement
Examples of
Social
Movement
Animal Rights Movement
Examples of
Social
Movement
Human Rights Movement
Classifications
of Social
Movement
1. Expressive Movement
Occurs when people come to terms with
their external reality by changing it, but
by modifying their reactions to that reality
Examples of
Expressive
Movement

Magdalo group in 2008 led by former Navy

lieutenant senior grade and now Senator Antonio
Trillanes III.
Examples of
Expressive
Movement

Cult Movement
Examples of
Expressive
Movement

Gospel Sharing
Examples of
Expressive
Movement

Bible study movements

Classifications
of Social
Movement
2. Reform Movement
Most common goal is to make the existing
social structure work more effectively by
extending certain rights or privileges to
given groups.
Its interest in change is directed at specific
issues such as the modification of power
distribution.
Examples of
Reform
Movement

Gabriella
Examples of
Reform
Movement

Students movement
Examples of
Reform
Movement

Labor movement
Classifications
of Social
Movement
2. Revolutionary Movement
Aims to overthrow the existing social system
and replace it with a newer and better social
system
Reformer wishes to correct some of societys
imperfections.
Examples of
Revolutionary
Movement

Philippine Revolution of 1986

Examples of
Revolutionary
Movement

Huk Rebellion
Classifications
of Social
Movement
2. Resistance Movement
Developed because of the dissatisfaction
people feel with the fast pace of social
change.
Due to undesirability of a proposed or
impending social change or a change that
has already occurred.
Classifications
of Social
Movement
2. Resistance Movement
Reacts to whatever change which threatens
to destroy social values and morality.
Examples of
Resistance
Movement

Save Palawan Movement

Examples of
Resistance
Movement

Pro-life Philippines Movement

 Stages in the
Development of Social
Movement
Stages in the
Development of
Social Movement
Stages in the
Development of
Social

Movement
This may be attributed to the following:
1. Accomplishments of many of the social
movements goals
2. Poor leadership and loss of interest in its goals
3. Exhaustion of resources
4. Groups selling out and cases of bribery
5. Repression of members by the authorities
6. Being accepted as part of the established system
Social Change
What is Social
Change?
Sociology generally define social change as
involving the alteration or modification of social
institutions and society over a period of time
(Denisoff, 1983).
According to Persell (1977), social change refers
to significant and major changes in patterned
social behavior at the institutional societal level.
What is Social
Change?
Macionis (2002) defined social change as the
transformation of culture and social institution.
Examples of Social
Change

Industrial Revolution
Examples of Social
Change

Women's Suffrage Movement

Process of
Social Change

1. Invention and Discovery

2. Diffusion
Modernity

1. Key concept in the study of social

change
2. Involves patterns of social life
linked to industrialization
Modernity
Peter Berger (1977) observed that modernity
is characterized by:
1. The decline of small traditional communities
2. Expansion of personal choice
3. Increasing diversity of beliefs
4. Future orientation and growing awareness of
time
Your beliefs dont make
you a better person.
Your behavior does.
-Sukhraj Dhillon
Thank you for
listening!