Gestalt Psychology

It refers to theories of visual perception

developed by German psychologists.
Gestalt is a German word which means shape
or whole
Looked at how the brain works by studying
perception and perceptual thinking.
Max Wertheimer was an Wolfgang Khler was a Kurt Koffka was a German
Austro-Hungarian-born German psychologist psychologist. He was born
psychologist who was and phenomenologist and educated in Berlin.
one of the three who, like Max Along with Max
founders of Gestalt Wertheimer, and Kurt Wertheimer and his close
psychology, along with Koffka, contributed to associates Wolfgang Kohler
Kurt Koffka and the creation of Gestalt they established Gestalt
Wolfgang Khler. psychology.
psychology.
Gestalt Theorists
The psychologists studied perception and
concluded that perceivers (or learners) are
not passive, but rather active.
Certain factors impact on this perceptual
process. Factors like past experiences, needs,
attitudes, and ones present situation can
affect their perception.
 Law of Proximity

The Gestalt law of proximity states that "objects or

shapes that are close to one another appear to form
groups".
Even if the shapes, sizes, and objects are radically
different, they will appear as a group if they are close
Law of Similarity

The principle of similarity states that, all else being

equal, perception lends itself to seeing stimuli that
physically resemble each other as part of the same
object, and stimuli that are different as part of a
different object.
Law of Closure

The law of closure states that individuals perceive

objects such as shapes, letters, pictures, etc., as being
whole when they are not complete.
Law of Good Continuation

The law of good continuation states that elements of

objects tend to be grouped together, and therefore
integrated into perceptual wholes if they are aligned
within an object.
Law of Good Pragnanz

The Law of Good Pragnanz states that, a stimulus

will be organized into as good a figure as possible.
 Law of Figure/Ground

The Law of Figure/Ground states that, a stimulus will be

perceived as separate from its ground.

The Figure/Ground law examines how the eye can separate

shapes in a design from the background of that design.
Gestalt Principles and the Teaching-Learning Processes

The six gestalt principles are not only

influence perception but they also impact on
learning.
Kurt Lewin
Theory focused on life space adhered to gestalt
psychology.
Inner and Outer Forces
Inner Forces
own motivation, attitudes and feelings.
Outer Forces
attitudes and behavior of the teacher and classmates.