Lapac MLS 3-A AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA (AHA) It is a rare disorder characterized by premature RBC destruction and anemia caused by autoantibodies that bind the RBC surface with or without complement activation. (Etiology or Cause) Autoantibodies may arise as a result of immune system dysregulation and loss of immune tolerance, exposure to antigen similar to autoantigen, B lymphocyte neoplasm and others. Characteristics of AHA Warm AHA Cold Paroxysma Mixed Agglutinin l Cold Type AHA Dse Hemoglobi nria Ig class IgG (rarely IgM IgG IgG, IgM IgM, IgA) Optimum 37C 4C, 4C 4-37 C reactivity reactivity temperature extends to > of 30 C autoantibod y Sensitizatio IgG or IgG + C3d C3d IgG and C3d n detected C3d, only by direct C3d antiglobin uncommon test Warm AHA Cold Paroxysma Mixed Agglutinin l Cold Type AHA Dse Hemoglobi nria
Complement Variable Yes Yes Yes
Activation Hemolysis Extravascul Extravascul Intravascula Extravascul ar primarily ar, rarely r ar and intravascula Intravascula r r Autoantibod Panreactive I (most), i P Panreactive, y specificity or Rh (some), Pr unclear complex;rare (rare) specificity ly specific Rh or other antigen WARM AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia -most commonly found in adults older than 40 years of age and in children younger than 4 years of age
Classification
Idiopathic- etiology is unknown
Secondary- found in conditions such as lymphoproliferative diseases, nonlymphoid neoplasms, autoimmune disorders, immunodeficiency disorders, viral infections COLD AGGLUTININ DISEASE Cold Agglutinin Disease
Chronic CAD-occurs in middle-aged and
elderly individuals
Acute CAD-occurs secondary to
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, infectious mononucleosis and other viral infections PAROXYSMAL COLD HEMOGLOBINURIA Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria
-commonly seen in young children after a
respiratory infection -rare in adults -anti-P autoantibody also called as Donath- Landsteiner antibody is a complement- binding IgG hemolysin with specificity for the P antigen on RBCs Mixed-Type AHA -occurs very infrequently
Previous Papers GPSC Veterinary Officer AHI Advt. No. 33 2016 17 Date of Preliminary Test 08 01 2017 Subject Concerned Subject Que 101 To 300 Provisional Key PDF