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    IRA Terrorism

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    danpmor
    The IRA was formed in 1917 with the goal of ending British rule in Ireland and creating a single, sovereign Irish nation. It became involved in the Irish War of Independence from 1919-1921 through guerrilla attacks on British forces. The war ended with the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1921, which created the Irish Free State but split the IRA over the terms. This led to the Irish Civil War from 1922-1923 between pro-Treaty and anti-Treaty IRA factions. In 1969, the IRA split further into the Marxist Official IRA and more militant Provisional IRA, both continuing violence with the goal of Irish reunification. The Provisionals declared ceasefires in 1994 and 1998, eventually decommissioning

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    IRA Terrorism

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    danpmor
    141 views21 pages
    The IRA was formed in 1917 with the goal of ending British rule in Ireland and creating a single, sovereign Irish nation. It became involved in the Irish War of Independence from 1919-1921 through guerrilla attacks on British forces. The war ended with the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1921, which created the Irish Free State but split the IRA over the terms. This led to the Irish Civil War from 1922-1923 between pro-Treaty and anti-Treaty IRA factions. In 1969, the IRA split further into the Marxist Official IRA and more militant Provisional IRA, both continuing violence with the goal of Irish reunification. The Provisionals declared ceasefires in 1994 and 1998, eventually decommissioning

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    The IRA was formed in 1917 with the goal of ending British rule in Ireland and creating a single, sovereign Irish nation. It became involved in the Irish War of Independence from 1919-1921 through guerrilla attacks on British forces. The war ended with the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1921, which created the Irish Free State but split the IRA over the terms. This led to the Irish Civil War from 1922-1923 between pro-Treaty and anti-Treaty IRA factions. In 1969, the IRA split further into the Marxist Official IRA and more militant Provisional IRA, both continuing violence with the goal of Irish reunification. The Provisionals declared ceasefires in 1994 and 1998, eventually decommissioning

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    141 views21 pages

    IRA Terrorism

    Uploaded by

    danpmor
    The IRA was formed in 1917 with the goal of ending British rule in Ireland and creating a single, sovereign Irish nation. It became involved in the Irish War of Independence from 1919-1921 through guerrilla attacks on British forces. The war ended with the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1921, which created the Irish Free State but split the IRA over the terms. This led to the Irish Civil War from 1922-1923 between pro-Treaty and anti-Treaty IRA factions. In 1969, the IRA split further into the Marxist Official IRA and more militant Provisional IRA, both continuing violence with the goal of Irish reunification. The Provisionals declared ceasefires in 1994 and 1998, eventually decommissioning

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    of 21

    Irish Republican Army

    IRA
    Creation

    Formed in 1917 from the remnants of the Easter


    Rebellion
    at the IRA convention in Dublin
    Military wing of Sinn Fein
    Party
    Organized by Michael Collins

    Goal: to end British rule and


    unite Ireland as one single,
    sovereign nation.
    Irish War of independence
    1919-1921
    Became involved in the Irish War of Independence by
    forming a guerrilla unit
    Had approximately 15,000 volunteers
    Conducted raids on British barracks
    Eventually organized full assaults
    on British troops
    Irish War of independence
    1919-1921

    By 1921, the IRA was near


    destruction
    Over 5,000 IRA members
    imprisoned
    Approximately 500 IRA members killed

    War ended in the summer of 1921


    anglo-irish treaty
    IRA President amon de Valera and General Macready
    agreed to terms on July 11, 1921

    IRA was allowed to keep arms


    British troops were to remain in
    barracks
    Abolished Irish Republic

    Established Irish Free State


    Free state

    free Free stat


    Irish Free State officially established in 1922

    Majority of IRA leadership was


    against the Irish Free State

    April 2, 1923
    Leaders of the IRA, re-instituted
    allegiance to the Irish Republic
    Division of IRA leadership over
    Treaty lead to Irish Civil War
    Irish civil war
    June 1922 - May 1923

    The IRA divided into two factions


    Pro-Treaty Anti-Treaty
    Supported the Swore to defend the Irish
    decision of the treaty Republic
    with Britain

    Primarily in south
    North Ireland
    and west Ireland
    End of Civil WAr
    IRA leader Eamon de
    May 24, 1923 Valera instructed anti-treaty
    members to dump arms
    The IRA had shrunk to
    1930 approximately 2,000
    members

    Civil War was never brought to end by formal


    agreement
    IRA: Post civil War to 1969
    Former IRA
    leader Eamonn
    de Valera
    Became leader of Free State
    Government in 1932
    Encouraged IRA members to join the Irish
    Defence Forces

    Remaining IRA members adopted


    many socialist beliefs

    Influenced by left wing ideas


    IRA: Post civil War to 1969
    During World War II
    IRA leaders first
    sought support from
    Germany against
    Britain

    Purchased arms from


    Germany

    Attempted to start an armed


    campaign in North Ireland
    The split of the IRA
    1969
    After a shift towards a Marxist viewpoint by a
    number of IRA leaders, the IRA officially split into
    two factions in 1969
    Officials Provisionals
    Advocated a
    Claimed
    united socialist
    terrorism was a
    Ireland but
    necessary
    disavowed
    catalyst for
    terrorist
    unification
    activities
    Official IRA
    Associated with the Sinn Fein or Workers Party of
    Ireland

    Characterized violence as
    Defensive

    More restrictive on
    activities than the Provo
    Official IRA
    After British military was brought in to arrest
    paramilitary members, the Official IRA was involved in
    numerous gun battles
    Following the events of Bloody Sunday on January 30,
    1972, the Official IRA launched an offensive against
    the British
    Numerous politically damaging armed actions led the
    Official IRA to declare a formal ceasefire in 1972

    As of February 2010 the Official IRA was completely


    decommissioned
    Provisional IRA
    Sought to remove Northern Ireland form the United
    Kingdom
    Strategy was to cause
    enough casualties to force
    the British to withdraw
    Funded and supplied by Libya
    Provisional IRA
    Used bombs in public transportation and
    remote car bombs to cause mass
    casualties

    Assassinations, kidnappings,
    extortion, and robberies were
    used to force a withdraw due to
    public opinion.
    Provisional IRA
    British sought to engage the Provos in politics
    The politics ended when they saw the British were
    not interested in terms

    The Provos decided to switch tactics and launch into a


    war of attrition
    This continued until 1994
    Provisional IRA
    Talks of a ceasefire
    The Provos and the British entered into
    talks of a ceasefire in 1994

    The Provos made it


    known that Sinn Fein
    would be involved in
    all political
    discussions
    Provisional IRA
    Talks of a ceasefire
    Ceasefire was broken from February 1996 - July 1997
    after the British refused to negotiate with Sinn Fein

    The string of violence


    that followed included the
    Manchester and
    Dockland Bombings
    Provisional IRA
    Ceasefire
    Once Sinn Fein was allowed into the talks, the Provos
    reinstated the ceasefire

    The Belfast Agreement in 1998 was the result of these talks

    On July 28, 2005 the IRA council stated they would


    seek to reach their goals by purely political and
    democratic means
    After decommissioning
    Although both the Provisional IRA and Official IRA have
    been officially decommissioned as of February 2010
    There are still groups who claim to be descendants of the
    original IRA

    These groups refuse to


    acknowledge the Belfast
    Agreement and continue
    to attack British targets
    Sources

    Dwyer, T. Ryle (1999). Big Fellow, Long Fellow: A Joint


    Biography of Collins and De Valera. St Martins Press. pp. 782.

    Hopkinson, Irish War of Independence, p.204.

    http://www.anphoblacht.com/news/detail/10597

    Tim Pat Coogan, The I.R.A., 1970

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army

    http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/ira.htm

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