ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES

NEEDS ANALYSIS

Introduction

the term needs analysis generally refers to the

activities that are involved in collecting information
that will serve as the basis for developing a
curriculum that will meet the needs of a particular
group of students. (Iwai et al. (1999))
 The Different Models for Needs Analysis :

TARGET PRESENT REGISTER,

SITUATION SITUATION PEDAGOGIC DISCOURSE
ANALYSIS ANALYSIS NEEDS AND
ANALYSIS GENRE
(TSA) (PSA)
ANALYSIS
 TARGET SITUATION ANALYSIS (TSA)

Chambers
The confusion of terminology
(1980)

TSA is Communication
in the Target situation
Munbys overall model is made up of the
following elements :

Participants
Communication Needs Processor
Profile of Needs
Meaning Processor
The Language Skills Selector
The Linguistic Enconder
The Communicative Competence Specification
 Hutchinson and Waters (1978)

in essence a matter of asking questions about

the target situation and the attitudes towards that
situation of various participants in the learning
process
 Hutchinson and Waters (19787)

Why is language needed ?

How will the language be used ?

What will the content areas be?

Where will the language be used?

PRESENT SITUATION ANALYSIS (PSA)

"a PSA estimates strengths and weaknesses in

language, skills, learning experiences.
(Dudley-Evans and St. John)
 PEDAGOGIC NEEDS ANALYSIS

Strategy Analysis
Deficiency
or Learning Means Analysis
Analysis
Needs Analysis
 Deficiency Analysis

the approaches to needs analysis that

have been developed to consider
learners present needs or wants
Strategy Analysis or Learning Needs Analysis

Needs

Wants Allwright
Lacks

- Why - How Hutchinson

- What - Who & Waters
 Means Analysis

information about the environment in which

the course will be run
Register, Discourse and Genre Analysis