Radio Wave

GROUP 7
 RADIO
SPECTRUM
DEFINITION
INVENTORS

KINDS OF
MECHANISM MODULATION
(THE DISCOVERY)
DEFINITION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE
Electromagnetic wave is a wave that do not require a medium. These
types of waves vary in wavelength, and include radio
wave, microwave, inflared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-
rays, and gamma rays.
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible

frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. The "electromagnetic
spectrum" of an object has a different meaning, and is instead the
characteristic distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted or
absorbed by that particular object
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
DEFINITION of Radio Waves
Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation which has
the longest wavelength and is transmitted in waves or particles at
different wavelengths and frequencies.
 RADIO SPECTRUM
The radio spectrum is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum
from 1 Hz to 3000 GHz (3 THz) allocated to some 40
Radiocommunication services in line to the Radio Regulations (RR)
of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The
transmission, emission and/or reception of radio waves for specific
telecommunication purposes of radio waves is strictly regulated by
the national administration.
 Frequency and Wavelength
How are frequency and wavelength related?
In the electromagnetic spectrum there are many different
types of waves with varying frequencies and wavelengths. They are
all related by one important equation: Any electromagnetic wave's
frequency multiplied by its wavelength equals the speed of light.
FREQUENCY x WAVELENGTH = SPEED OF LIGHT
We can use this relationship to figure out the wavelength or
frequency of any electromagnetic wave if we have the other
measurement.
 FREQUENCY Specific Wavelength Applications
LENGTH
Low (LF) Long Wave Long wave radio and
30 kHz 300 kHz 1500 m long distance
communication
Medium (MF) Medium Wave Local medium wave
300 kHz 3 mHz 300 m and long distance
radio
High (HF) Short Wave Short wave radio and
3 mHz 30 mHz 30 m communication,
amateur radio and CB
Very High (VHF) Very Short Wave FM Radio, police, and
30 mHz 300 mHz 3m emergency service

Ultrahigh (UHF) Ultra Short Wave TV (line 4, 5)

300 mHz 3 GHz 30 cm

Super High (SHF) Microwave Radar, satellite

> 3 GHz 3 cm communication,
telephone, and TV
channel
 Microphone converts
sound waves into
electrical signal
Electrical signal
is converted into
sound waves

Tuner circuit
filter the radio
waves

Spread through
the air and
This combined signals captured by
are converted into the receiver
This signal is combined with radio waves and then
the other signals which is emitted through
quickly vibrating antenna
Inventors
 James Clerk Maxwell
About 150 years ago, James Clerk
Maxwell, an English scientist,
developed a scientific theory to explain
electromagnetic waves. He noticed that
electrical fields and magnetic fields can
couple together to form electromagnetic
waves
 Heinrich Hertz

in 1886, a German physicist, applied

Maxwell's theories to the production
and reception of radio waves. The
unit of frequency of a radio wave --
one cycle per second -- is named the
hertz, in honor of Heinrich Hertz.
 GUGLIELMO MARCONI

Guglielmo Marconi in 1895, success to send

signals radio communication with
electromagnetic waves with a distance of
1.5 km. In 1901, Marconi radio signals from
devices can be across the Atlantic Ocean
from England to Newfoundland, Canada.

Guglielmo
Marconi
 REGINALD A. FESSENDEN

Canadian physicist Reginald A.

Fessenden was the first time transmits a
human voice via radio when in 1906, he
said via radio from Brant Rock,
Massachusetts, USA, to ships off the
coast of the Atlantic Ocean.

Reginald A.
Fessenden
 EDWIN HOWARD AMSTRONG

Edward Howard Armstrong

was the inventor of radio
waves and an American
electrical engineer.
Armstrong was the inventor
of modern frequency
modulation (FM) radio.
Edwin Howard Armstrong
HOW COULD IT BE
DISCOVERED (MECHANISM)
Hertz experiment

He used two rods to serve as a

transmitter and a spark gap as the
receiving antennae. Where the waves
were picked up, a spark would jump.
 Hertz experiment effect
With that experiment, Hertz solved two problems. First,
timing Maxwell's waves. He had demonstrated, in the
concrete, what Maxwell had only theorized - that the
velocity of radio waves was equal to the velocity of light.
Second, Hertz found out how to make the electric and
magnetic fields detach themselves from wires and go free
as Maxwell's waves.
KINDS OF MODULATION
AM
In AM, a radio wave known as the
"carrier" or "carrier wave" is
modulated in amplitude by the
signal that is to be transmitted. The
frequency and phase remain the
same
AM has poorer sound quality
compared with FM, but is cheaper
and can be transmitted over long
distances. It has a lower bandwidth
so it can have more stations
available in any frequency range
FM
In FM, a radio wave known as the
"carrier" or "carrier wave" is
modulated in frequency by the
signal that is to be transmitted. The
amplitude and phase remain the
same
FM is less prone to interference
than AM. However, FM signals are
impacted by physical barriers. FM
has better sound quality due to
higher bandwidth
AM
Transmitter and receiver are simple
but syncronization is needed in
case of SSBSC AM carrier
AM is more susceptible to noise
because noise affects amplitude,
which is where information is
"stored" in an AM signal
FM
Transmitter and reciver are more
complex as variation of modulating
signal has to beconverted and
detected from corresponding
variation in frequencies
FM is less susceptible to noise
because information in an FM signal
is transmitted through varying the
frequency, and not the amplitude
THE USES OF RADIO WAVES
MEDICINE
Radio waves are used to transmit the pattern of a heartbeat
through a monitor at a patient's home to a nearby hospital. They are
also used to radio the condition of a patient from an ambulance to a
hospital. Radio waves are used in medicine when paramedics are
dispatched to the scene where they are needed. The hospital can tell
the paramedics the condition of the person so that the paramedics
can prepare a medical treatment kit.
INDUSTRY

Radios are also used in industry, mainly in the transportation

business. Radio waves can also be used to provide
communication on construction sites.
SCIENCE

Radio waves from outside the earth are detected using in radio
telescopes. Radio waves are picked up when they hit the antenna
of the radio telescope. The wave then goes to the tuner, then to the
amplifier, and finally to the plotter.
Consumer goods

These waves are used in the remote

control models which people buy. They are
also used in radios, televisions and wireless
headphones.
Conclusion

Radio waves are electromagnetic waves which one has the longest
wavelength and the lowest frequency. It has 2 basic modulation,
which are AM (Amplitude Modulation) and FM (Frequency
Modulation). It often be used in our daily life, especially in
communication.