INTRODUCTION LTG

The name is the abbreviated form of German equivalent of

Electronic Switching System Digital (Electronische Wheler Systenic
Digitale).

 EWSD switch can support maximum 2,50,000 subscribers or

60,000 incoming, outgoing or both way trunks, when working as a
pure tandem exchange. It can carry 25,200 Erlang traffic and can
withstand 1.4 million BHCA. .

 It can work as local cum transit exchange and has CCS No.7, ISDN
and IN capabilities.

07/12/21 1
 LTG
DLU LTG(B)
LINES

SN
LTG(C)
TRUNKS

CCNC

MB
SYP CP
CCG

OMT PRINTER
MDD MTD

07/12/21 2
 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE LTG

1    

Digital Line Unit (DLU) – functional unit on which subscriber

lines are terminated.
Line/Trunk Group (LTG) – Digital Trunks and DLUs are
connected to LTGs.
Switching Network (SN) – All the LTGs are connected to the SN
which interconnects the line and trunks connected to the exchange in
accordance with the call requirement of the subscribers. CCNC and
CP are also connected to SN.
07/12/21 3
 LTG
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Coordination Processor (CP) – It is used for system-wide

coordination functions, such as, routing, zoning, etc. However, each
subsystem in EWSD carry out practically all the tasks arising in
their area independently.
Common Channel Signalling Network Control (CCNC) Unit –
This unit functions as the Message Transfer Part (MTP) of CCS-7.
The User Part (UP) is incorporated in the respective LTGs.

07/12/21 4
 LTG

DLU
Digital Line Unit

07/12/21 5
 LTG
DLU

The DLU is used as a digital concentrator for

the connection of subscribers to the EWSD.
up to approx. 900 analog subscriber lines or
up to approx. 800 digital subscriber lines (ISDN
BA)
up to 32 V5.1 interfaces
Misture of analog subscibers, digital subscribers
and V5.1 interfaces in view of the fact that max.
120 calls can be held simultaneously
07/12/21 6
 LTG

07/12/21 7

Analog 2 wire interface
for a/b connection
Analog subscribers
Small PSTN P (A) BX
Digital 2 wire interface
for basic access (BA)
Digital subscribers
Small ISDN (A) BX interfaces
2 Mbit/s PDC
V5.1 interface to the
AN
DLU
Concentration of the subscriber
accesses LTG
Analog/digital conversion for analog
subscribers
a/b, U Modules
SLM for the connection of
or
- a/b interfaces
V5.1
(SLMA with 16 subscriber line
circuits – SLCA)
- U interfaces
(SLMD with 16 subscriber line
circuits – SLCD)
- v5.1 interfaces
(SLMA with two V5.1 interfaces)

07/12/21 8
 LTG

07/12/21 9
 LTG

One DLU contains 8 SLCAs (Subscribers

Line Circuit Analog) + SLMCP
(Subscribers Line Module Circuit
Processor).

One DLU can handle 100 Erlangs traffic.

 LTG

LTG
Line Trunk Group

07/12/21 11
 

INTRODUCTION LTG

THE LTG FORMS THE INTERFACE BETWEEN THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT OF

AN EWSD EXCHANGE AND THE SWITCHING NETWORK (SN).

 THE LTG PERFORM NON-CENTRAL CONTROL FUNCTIONS AND THUS

RELIEVE THE COORDINATION PROCESSOR (CP) OF ROUTINE WORK.

 SEVERAL LTG TYPES ARE AVAILABLE FOR OPTIMAL IMPLEMENTATION OF

THE VARIOUS LINE TYPES AND SIGNALING METHODS. THEY HAVE THE SAME
BASIC STRUCTURE AND OPERATE ACCORDING TO THE SAME PRINCIPLES.

THEY DIFFER IN FEW HW UNITS AND SPECIFIC APPLICATION PROGRAMS

 IN ITS MAXIMUM CONFIGURATION, THE EWSD SWITCHING SYSTEM CAN

CONNECT UP TO 504 LTGS.

07/12/21 12
 LTG
DLU LTG(B)
LINES

SN
LTG(C)
TRUNKS

CCNC

MB
SYP CP
CCG

OMT PRINTER
MDD MTD

07/12/21 13
 CONFIGURATION OPTIONS LTG

1  
 
     WITH DIGITAL TRANSMISSION LINK (PRIMARY DIGITAL CARRIER, PDC)
• 
- DLUs OPERATING AT TRANSFER RATE OF 2048 KBIT/S.  
• - V5.2 ACCESS NETWORK
-     FOR DIGITAL TRUNKS WITH TRANSFER RATE OF 2048 KBIT/S.

     WITH DIGITAL TRANSMISSION LINK FOR LOCAL OPERATION OF DLUs)

AT TRANSFER RATES OF 4096 KBIT/S
• 
     WITH PRIMARY RATE ACCESS (PA) :
• 
• FOR MEDIUM-SIZE AND LARGE ISDN PBXS (ISDN SUBSCRIBERS WITH
PA) OPERATING AT TRANSFER RATE OF 2048

07/12/21 14
 LTG
OTHER DETAILS

OTHER DETAILS:
-TRANSFER RATE ON THE SDC:LTG FROM THE LTG TO THE SN
AND VICE VERSA IS 8192 KBIT/S ( 8 MBPS).

-EACH OF THESE SDCS HAS 128 TIME SLOTS ,OUT OF WHICH

127 TIME-SLOTS ARE USED FOR USER INFORMATION AND ONE TIME
SLOT FOR MESSAGES.

-USER INFORMATION IS THE INFORMATION RELEVANT TO

THE COMMUNICATION PARTNERS (VOICE, TEXT, DATA, IMAGES).

-MESSAGES ARE USED FOR INTERPROCESSOR

COMMUNICATION IN THE EWSD SYSTEM.
07/12/21 15
 LTG
LTG TYPES

FUNCTIONAL LTG TYPE LTG HW TYPE

TYPE B: LTG G/M/N/P
-DLU
-PBX (ISDN-PA)
-V5.2 ACCESS NETWORK(ONLY TO LTG M/N/P)
CAN BE EQUIPPED WITH OCANEQ,COU, MDTOG

TYPE C: LTG G/M/N/P

-TRUNKS WITH CAS SIGNALING
-TRUNKS WITH CCS7 SIGNALING
- CCS7 SIGNALING CHANNEL
TYPE D: INTERNATIONAL TRUNKS LTG D
TYPE H: X25 DATA PACKETS FROM ISDN SUBS. LTG H

07/12/21 16
 LTG
LTG FUNCTIONS

(a) CALL PROCESSING FUNCTIONS :

-RECEIVING AND EVALUATING SIGNALS FROM TRUNK AND THE SUBS

- -SENDING SIGNALS & AUDIBLE TONES
- -SENDING MESSAGES TO THE CP AND RECEIVING COMMANDS FROM CP
- -SENDING/RECEIVING REPORTS TO/FROM THE GROUP PROCESSORS (GP)
- -SENDING/ RECEIVING ORDERS TO/FROM CCNC
- -CONTROLLING THE SIGNALS TO DLU, PA
- -ADAPTING THE LINE CONDITIONS TO THE 8 MBPS INTERFACE TO THE
SN
- -THROUGH-CONNECTION OF MESSAGES AND USER INFORMATION

07/12/21 17
 LTG FUNCTIONS LTG

(b) SAFEGUARDING FUNCTIONS :

- -DETECTING ERRORS IN THE LTG

- -DETECTING ERRORS ON THE CONNECTION PATHS WITHIN THE
EXCHANGE VIA CROSS-OFFICE CHECKS AND BIT ERROR RATIO COUNTING
(BERC)
- -TRANSFERRING ERROR MESSAGES TO THE CP
- -EVALUATING ERRORS TO DETERMINE PENETRATION RANGE
- -INITIATING MEASURES CORRESPONDING TO THE PENETRATION
RANGE
- -EXCHANGING ROUTINE TEST MESSAGES WITH THE CP SO THAT CP
CAN DETECT
07/12/21 A FAULTY LTG 18
 LTG
LTG FUNCTIONS

( c ) ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS :

- -SENDING MESSAGES TO THE CP FOR TRAFFIC MEASUREMENTS AND

TRAFFIC OBSERVATION
- -SWITCHING OF TEST CONNECTIONS
--TESTING OF TRUNKS AND PORT-SPECIFIC AREAS OF THE LTG USING THE
-ATE:T INTEGRATED IN EWSD AND THE ATE:TM
--INDICATING IMPORTANT INFORMATION
(E.G. CHANNEL ASSIGNMENTS) TO THE FUNCTIONAL UNITS
--CREATING, BLOCKING, RELEASING DEVICES VIA MML COMMANDS
07/12/21 19
 Time slot
LTG1 SN1
LIU x SDC
x SDC 1 1
LTG
A-side SN0
x SDC Z Z
x SDC 1 1

GP
Z Z
Time slot
LTGn
LIU y SDC
y SDC n n

B-side
SDC
y
y SDC n n

GP
MB0 MB1

  IOP IOP
 
CP

SUBSCRIBER CONNECTION (SN0 ACTIVE)

07/12/21 20
 Time slot SN1
LTG1
LIU 0 x x
0 1 1
LTG
SN0
0 x x y y
0 1 1

GP 126 2* 126* 2
y y
Time slot
LTG63 2* 126 2 126*
LIU 0
0 63 63

0
0 63 63

GP
MB0 MB1

-- Message channel LTG-SN/SN-LTG through

connected, but not active   IOP IOP
*) Message channel SN-MB/MB-SN through  
connected, but not active
CP

EXCHANGE OF MESSAGES BETWEEN LTG AND CP,

07/12/21 LTG AND LTG (SN WITH 63 LTGS) 21
 STRUCTURE OF THE LTGG
LTG

FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF LTGG

 FUNCTIONAL UNITS IN THE LINE/TRUNK UNIT (LTU)

 FUNCTIONAL UNITS IN THE SIGNALING UNIT (SU)
 GROUP SWITCH AND LINK INTERFACE UNIT (GSL)
 GROUP PROCESSOR (GP)

07/12/21 22
 LTU GSL
DIU30 TO/FROM SU
DIU:LDIB
LTG

LTU

COUB SPHI
SPHO
to/
SIHI from
LTU
SIHO SN
CR Add. signals

LTU
ATE:T
ATE:TM
ETEAE

LTU
OCANEQ

GP

FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF THE LINE/TRUNK UNIT (LTU)

07/12/21 23
 SU SPHO (2 Mb/s)
GSL
SPHO (2 Mb/s)

CRM CRP SPHO (2 Mb/s)

LTG

SIHI
RM:CTC TOG
SIHO
to/
ADDR. from
SIGNAL SN

LTU

LTU

GP

07/12/21
FUNCTIONAL UNITS IN THE SIGNALING UNIT (SU) 24
 SPHO/I
2 Mb/s GSL
0,1
GS part LIU part
SU
0/1*
LTG

LTU0 2
DATO0
SN0
SN1
DATO1
6/1*
LTU4/
DATI0
SU* SN0
DATI1 SN1

To/from
SILCB
(GP)

CDIM/CDAM SYNI MCHO/I

SPHO/I 11

GP
*) SPHO/I1 for LTGG with C-function (SU instead of LTU4)

Functional
07/12/21 Unit ‘Group switch and interface unit (GSL)’ for LTGG 25
 LTU SIHO to DATO/I
LTU/SU  GS LIU
part part
SIHI from
LTU/SU to/
TO/
from LTG
SN
LTU FROM
SN
DATO/I

 
CGSM
 
   
 
  SILCB SM PART
 
 
ADDRESS SIGNALS

RESET
MCH
SYNI
0/1 
    SIB O/I
  PMU CLOCK
 
  TO CG MCH
 
 
PMUetc PART PART
07/12/21 GP 26
 DETAILS OF MODULES OF LTGM LTG

       DIU 120A OR DIU: LDIM:

- DIU120A:THE 4 PCMS ARE COMBINED TOGETHER WITH THE
CURRENT CONVERTER ON THIS MODULE. LOGICALLY, THIS
MODULE IS TREATED AS LTU0 TO LTU3 WITH ORDINARY DIU30
MODULES.
- DIU:LDIM:OPTIONALLY, THIS MODULE CAN BE USED TO
CONNECT A DLU VIA A 4MBPS LOCAL DLU INTERFACE

 THE GPL MODULE (GROUP PROCESSOR FOR LTGM):

IT HOLDS THE PMU AND, IF REQUIRED, THE SILC
FUNCTIONALITY. TWO DIFFERENT MODULES ARE USED:

-GPL: GROUP PROCESSOR FOR LTGM WITHOUT SILC FUNCTION

-GPLS: GROUP PROCESSOR FOR LTGM WITH SILC FUNCTION

07/12/21 27
 DETAILS OF MODULES OF LTGM LTG

        The GSM (group switch for LTGM) :

- It is a combination of GSL, TOG, RM : CTC, CR and GCG.
Depending on the available on board components,
different GSM modules are used.

- The last three digits of the GSMabc modules define the

module type. The 4th character (called a) designated by
Y the PCM30, by Z PCM24 . For the 5th and 6th
character the following table applies:

07/12/21 28
 DETAIL OF MODULES OF LTGM
4th module in LTGM (LTU:S) LTG

 A PHMA can be installed to connect an Access Network AN

via V5.2 interface.
 An MDTOG can be installed to support the feature CLIP
for analog subscribers. This module is used to deliver the
A-party number to analog wired subscribers of the
exchange. The used method is called Frequency Shift Key
FSK. A MDTOG can be connected via SN to any analog
DLU port of the EWSD exchange (pool solution).
 A COUC can be installed to support large conferences. The
new COUC module has 32 ports, which can be used in any
combination (e.g. one conference with 14 subscribers and
two with 9 subscribers. compensation.
 An MCT can be installed to support the mid call trigger
function.
 An ATE : N can be installed as automatic test equipment.

07/12/21 29
 LTU
with
DIU 120 A or
DIU : LDIM*
LTG

LTU : S
with
COUC or
PHMA or GS, LIU, TOG ,
MDTOG or RM: CTC, CR,
MCT or ATE : N
GCG 8 Mbps SDC
to SN 0/1
GSM
*2x 4 Mbps link for
Local DLU interface

PMU, SILC* GPL

07/12/21 STRUCTURE OF THE LTGM 30

 STRUCTURE OF LTGN LTG

 THE LTGN IS THE NEWEST RELEASE OF THE LTG.

 ONLY ONE MODULE MAKES UP A COMPLETE LTGN
FOR THE BASIC TASKS
 THE LTGN HARDWARE COMBINES EVERY
POSSIBLE FUNCTIONAL UNIT ON THIS SINGLE
MODULE, E.G. DIFFERENT CODE RECEIVERS IN
LOGICAL LTU AND SU POSITIONS.
 FOR SPECIAL FUNCTIONS A SECOND MODULE E.G.
PHMA,MDTOG,COUC,MCT AND ATE:N BEING
USED.FUNCTIONS ALREADY COVERED IN LTGM.
 ANOTHER MODULE NAMELY OCEN IS USED FOR
OCANEQ FUNCTIONS.

07/12/21 31
 STRUCTURE OF LTGN LTG

 DEPENDING ON THE APPLICATION,

DIFFERENT MODULE TYPES ARE USED AND
GIVEN IN FOLLOWING TABLE:
NAME TYPE MEMORY SILC
GPNLE LOCAL DLU 64 Mbyte YES
INTERFACE
GPNLD LOCAL DLU 32 Mbyte YES
INTERFACE
GPNYE PCM30 64 Mbyte YES
GPNYD PCM30 32 Mbyte YES
GPNYC PCM30 16 Mbyte NO
07/12/21 32
 GPN

4 x PCM30 or DIU part CR part GCG part LTG

2xLDI (4Mbps)

SILC part
LTU:S
(optional)
IOP Part
COUC 8Mbps
MDTOG GS, LIU, TOG part SDC to
PHMA
MCT SN 0/1
ATE:N

GP part

07/12/21 STRUCTURE OF THE LTGN 33

 LTG

SN
Switching Network
 SN LTG

 Switching network (SN) performs the

switching function for speech as well
as for messages in an EWSD
exchange.
 It is connected to LTGs and CCNC for

speech/data and to CP (through MB)

for exchange of control information.

07/12/21 35
 LTG

DLU LTG(B)

LTG(C)

CCNC

MB
SYP CP
CCG

SN

OMT PRINTER
MTU
MDD

Figure 1. Position of Switching Network in EWSD

07/12/21 36
 SN LTG

* SDC:LTG interface between SN and LTG: time slot

0 for message exchange between the LTG and
coordination processor (CP) as well as between
two LTGs, time slot 1 to 127 for subscriber
connections.
 
* SDC:CCNC interface between the SN and the
common channel signaling network (CCNC): for
common channel signaling.
 

07/12/21 37
 SN LTG

* SDC:TSG interface between SN and a

message buffer unit assigned to CP
(MBU:LTG) for message exchange between
the CP and the LTGs as well as between the
LTGs.
 
* SDC:SGC between the SN and an MBU:SGC of
the CP for setting up and clearing connections
.
07/12/21 38
 SN LTG

 Switching network in EWSD exchanges

uses time and space switching and
therefore it is functionally divided into
Time Stage Group (TSG) and Space Stage
Group (SSG).
 TSGs and SSGs are interconnected through
internal 8 Mb/s interfaces called SDC:SSG. TSGs
of both planes are connected to SSGs of both
planes, and thus these provide further security.

07/12/21 39
 TIME STAGE
SN LTG
LTG 1 SDC:LTG GROUP

OF SPACE STAGE
GROUP
SN:DE 5
SDC:SSG OF

SN:DE5
LTG n SDC:LTG
OR
SDC:SSG
SN:DE4
CCNC SDC:CCNC

CP MB
SDC:TSG
MBU

SDC:SGC
MBU SGC

SDC:SGC
MBU SGC

Figure 2: SN Internal and External Interfaces

07/12/21 40
 LTG

Capacity stages of SN:63LTG SN:126LTG SN:252LTG SN:504LTG

switching network (DE 4) (DE 5.1) (DE 5.2) (DE 5.4)

Switchable traffic(E) 3150 6300 12600 25200

Local Exchanges
No. of lines 30000 60000 125000 250000

Transit Exchanges
No. of trunks 7500 15000 30000 60000

Structure TST TSSST TSSST TSSST

Connectable no. of 63 126 252 504

LTGs or or or or or
LTG+CCNC 62+1 125+1 251+1 503+1

07/12/21 41
 LTG

TSG1.0 SSG1.0

TSG0.0 SSG0.0

TS0 SSM

15|8
LTG

SSM

TSI 8|15

LIS SSM 8|15 SSM16|16

LIL TSM LIS

MBU:SGC MBU:SGC
Figure 3: The seven module types in SN:DE5

SGC LIM SGC LIM

07/12/21 42
 LTG

CP
Coordinating Processor

07/12/21 43
 CP LTG

The Coordination Processor is the heart of a

Siemens exchange.

It controls all other functional units, does the

main call processing tasks and processes MML.

07/12/21 44
 CP Functions LTG

Call processing
 digit translation

 routing

 zoning

 path selection through the switching network

 call charge registration

 traffic data administration

 network administration

07/12/21 45
 CP Functions LTG

Operation and maintenance

 
 input and output from/to external memories

(EM)
 communication with the local operation and

maintenance terminals (NetM boot or BCT

Boot/ OMT) via V.24
 communication with the Net M either via X.25

(EWSD Classic) or Via SSNC/Ethernet (EWSD

Powernode)

07/12/21 46
 CP Functions LTG

Safeguarding

 self -supervision
 error detection
 error handling

07/12/21 47
 CP Hardware LTG

 The CP113 consists of a modular

multiprocessor system with a
processing width of 32 bits and an
addressing capacity of 4 Gbytes.

07/12/21 48
 CP Hardware LTG

 base processors (BAP)

 call processors (CAP); not included in the basic capacity
stage
 ATM bridge processors (AMP) ; in case of EWSD
powernode
 input/output controls (IOC)
 bus for common memory (BCMY)
 common memory (CMY)
 input/output processors (IOP):

07/12/21 49
 CP Hardware LTG

 a) IOP:MB (input/output processor for message buffer)

  
 b) IOP:TA (input / output processor for time and
alarms)
  
 c) IOP:LAU (input/output processor for X.25 line
adaption unit)
  
 d) IOP:UNI (input/output processor unified for O & M
devices)

07/12/21 50
 Maximum configuration of CP113C

Basic configuration of 11
LTG
IOP IOP 11 IOP IOP
CP 113C,
.
.
.
IOP IOP . IOP IOP

0
B:IOC B:IOC
0

CAP0 CAP5 AMP0 AMP1 BAPM BAPS IOC0 IOC1 IOC2 IOC3

BCMY1

BCMY0

CMY1

CMY0

07/12/21 51
 CP Hardware LTG

Unit Minimum Maximum

BAP 2 2
CAP 0 6 (Classic)
10 (Powernode)

IOC 2 4 (Classic)
2 (Powernode)

AMP 0 2 (only is Powernode)

CMY(Mbytes) 64 1024
B:CMY 2 2
IOP:MB 8 (Classic) 14
4 (Powenode)

IOP:TA 2 2
IOP:UNI 2 8
IOP:SCDP(IOP:LAU) 0 12

07/12/21 52