EXCAVATION AND OVERHAUL

Nerrizza Rei C. Nicor

EXCAVATION
Is the process of
loosening and removing
earth or rock from its
original position in a cut
and transporting it to a
fill or to waste deposit.
 ROADWAY
EXCAVATION

Unclassified Rock Common Muck

 EXCAVATION
UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION
The excavation and disposal of all materials regardless of its nature ,
or not classified and included in the bill of quantities.

ROCK EXCAVATION
Consists of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks that cannot be
excavated without blasting or the use of rippers and all boulders or other
detached stones each having a volume of 1 cubic meter.
COMMON EXCAVATION
Are those that are not included in the bill of quotations under rock
excavation or other pay items.

MUCK EXCAVATION
Consist of the removal and disposal deposits of saturated or
unsaturated mixtures of soils and organic matter not suitable for
foundation materials regardless of moisture contents.
BORROW EXCAVATION
is the work done in obtaining material for embankments or fills
from a source other than required excavation. Although it
commonly is considered as getting material from a source off the
site.
Case 1
Materials obtained from sources designated on plans or special
provisions.
Case 2
Materials obtained from sources provided by the contractor.
CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
1. When there is evidence of discrepancies between the actual
elevation and that are shown on the plans. A preconstruction
survey with reference to the datum plane used in the approved
plan will be conducted.
2. All excavations should be finished to smooth and uniform
surface. As much as possible, no materials shall be turned to
waste. Materials outside the limits should not be disturbed.
Excavation should be done only after the clearing and
grubbing in the area.
3.Top soil encountered in excavation and on areas where
embankment is to be placed should be removed the Engineer may
determine and should be transported and deposited in the
storage pile designated area separated from other excavated
materials for later use.
The USE OF EXCAVATED MATERIALS
All suitable materials
removed from the All unsuitable materials
excavation area are used that could not be properly
in the formation of : compacted in embankment
1. Embankment must be disposed without
2. Subgrade delay. Borrow materials
3. Shoulders should not be placed until
4. Slope after the fill accessible
5. Bedding roadway excavation has
been placed in the fill.
6. Backfill for structures
PREWATERING
Has be supplemented where necessary by truck watering unit to
insure that the embankment materials contains the proper
moisture at the time of compaction.
PRESPLITTING
Is drilling and blasting procedure that may be employed to control over
break and to give a uniform face to the back slope or rock cuts.
Presplitting is performed by:
1. Drilling holes at the uniform intervals along the slope line
2. Loading and stemming the holes with appropriate explosives and
stemming materials.
3. Detonating holes simultaneously.
If presplitting is under contract, prior to drilling operations,
the conductor shall:
1. Furnish the engineer a plan outlining the position of all drill
holes, depth of drilling type and explosive to be used, loading
pattern and sequence firing.
2. The drilling and the blasting plan is for record purposes only
and will not absolve the contractor of his responsibility for using
proper drilling and blasting procedure.
3. Controlled blasting must begin with short test section of length
to be approved by the engineer.
4. The test section shall be pre splitted production drilled and
blasted. Sufficient materials sample to be taken for the engineer
to determine if the contractors method is satisfactory.
5. The holes are charged with the explosives.
6. The finished pre-split slope should be reasonably uniform and
free of loose rocks.
7. The maximum offset of 60 cm will be permitted for construction
working bench at the bottom of each lift for use in drilling the next
lower pre splitting pattern.
8. The engineer may order discontinuance of presplitting when the
materials encountered are unsuitable for pre splitting.
FREE HAUL--OVERHAUL
Free haul distance is the specified distance wherein an
excavated material will be hauled without additional cost. The
free haul distance is 600 m unless otherwise specified in the
contract.
The overhaul is an authorized hauling in excess of the free haul
distance. For example, the hauling distance of materials is 800
m, considering that the free haul is 600m, then the excess 200m
is considered overhaul
Thank You!