In 1844, the Spanish government

revoked the Indulto de comercio

and henceforth Spanish officials to
involve themselves in trading.
The Amnesty Commerce or licensed to trade, is
given in Alcalde Mayor or Corregidor. It is meant to
prevent them from using the polo or taxes from their
own personal needs and control the market, although
they are banned from engaging in commerce. These
people literally have to have all the power, so the
Spanish government will devise a solution for the
problem
 By the 1880s the Chinese
population had soared to almost
100,000
Central Luzon
Increased concentration in agriculture
Occupational diversification
Tambobong (Malabon) held on to its
provisioner of Manila.
Some of them turned to speculation in
Government supply contracts; others
became craftsmen
Visayas
Mestizo enterprise in Cebu and
Molo-Jaro was seriously affected by
the intrusion of both the Chinese
and the North European and North
American merchant entrepreneurs
 The new export crop economy
Increase in population
Raised the value of land
Made landowning and export crop
production
 Major specialty Commence
Forfeited their chance to become a
native Philippine Middle Class
The most importance, the Chinese
methods of buying raw materials an
distributing imports were superior to
methods used by the mestizos
 Social Filipinization
Wealth and occupation
Traditional considerations
 Was there any
significance to this
incident?
Radical sentiment was building up.
 What did the mestizos
and indios want?
When the Philippine
Revolution broke out mestizos
were involved.
brutes loaded by gold
SUMMARY
1. Chinese Mestizos, not Spanish mestizo
2. Chinse mestizo rose to prominence
3. Renewal of Chinese immigration to the
Philippines.
4. Chinese mestizos in the Philippines
possessed a unique combination of cultural
characteristics