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Optimization Technical Introduction Version1.0
Optimization Technical Introduction Version1.0
Episode: I
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Contents
Global indicators
Typical Radio Network Problem
Coverage Problem
Interference problem
Unbalanced power budget problem
Congestion problem
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
4 stages of a call establishment,
2 stages (1&2) for location
update :
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Mobile Originated Call (MOC)
Global
MS BTS BSC MSC
CHANNEL REQUEST
CHANNEL REQUIRED
(RACH)
Indicators
IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMEND Establishmen
IMMEDIATE ASSIGN
(AGCH)
t Phase
SABM (L3 info)
AUTHENTICATION REQUEST
AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE
SETUP
CALL PROCEEDING
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST
ASSIGNMENT COMMEND
(SDCCH)
SABM
ESTABLISH INDICATION
TCH UA (L3 info)
3. TCH Assignment
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE
Phase ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE
ALERTING
CONNECT
Phase
CONVERSATION
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
Handover : Intracell HO
MS BTS BSC MSC
Measurement Report
MEASUREMENT RESULT
UA (L3 info)
(SDCCH)
HANDOVER PERFORMED
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
Handover : Internal HO
Serving Target
MS BSC MSC
Cell Cell
Meas. Report
MEASUREMENT RESULT
CHANNEL ACTIVATION
HANDOVER ACCESS
HANDOVER DETECTION
PHYSICAL INFORMATION
UA (L3 info)
ESTABLISH INDICATION
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
Handover : External HO
MS Serving Cell BSC MSC BSC Target Cell MS
MEAS_REPORT
MEAS_RESULT
HO_REQUIRED
CR (HO_REQUEST)
CC CHANNEL_ACTIVATION
CHANNEL_ACT_ACK
HO_REQUEST_ACK
HO_COMMAND (HO_COMMAND)
HO_ACCESS
HO_ACCESS
HO_DETECTION
HO_DETECTION
PHYSICAL_INFO
HO_COMPLETE
HO_COMPLETE
CLEAR_COMMAND
Cause: HO_SUCCESSFUL
Release of TCH
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
Important indicators :
SDCCH Congestion
SDCCH Assignment Failure
SDCCH Drop
TCH Assignment Failure
Call Drop
Call Setup Success
Call Success
Outgoing Handover
Incoming Handover
Handover Causes Distribution
(Better/Level/Quality/MCHO/...)
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
SDCCH Congestion :
MS BTS BSC
CHANNEL REQUEST
CHANNEL REQUIRED
(RACH)
(AGCH)
(AGCH)
Phantom/Ghost/Spurious/Dummy...RA
CH
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
SDCCH RF Failure : main causes : Phantom RACH
1. Noise decoding
GSM 05.05: 0.02% of RACH Frame can
be decoded without error without real
input signal (this extra-load has no
impact for the system)
BCCH not combined: 156 phantom
RACCH/hour (or about 0.08 Erlang
SDCCH)
BCCH combined: 83 phantom RACH/hour
During period with low real traffic (night),
high rate of phantom RACH
No impact for subscriber
But impact on indicator SDCCH RF access
failure
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
SDCCH RF Failure : main causes : Phantom RACH
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
SDCCH RF Failure : main causes : Phantom RACH
ASSIGNMNET REQUEST
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
TCH assign failure : Radio
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST
ASSIGNMENT COMMEND
(SDCCH)
TCH
Radio Problem
ASSIGNMENT FAILURE
Radio interface failure
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
TCH assign failure : BSS
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST
ASSIGNMENT COMMEND
(SDCCH)
BSS Problem
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
TCH Drop : Radio
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
TCH Drop : BSS
MS BTS BSC MSC
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
TCH Drop : BSS
CLEAR REQUEST
BSS problem O&M intervention
Radio interface failure
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
TCH Drop : Handover
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
Intracell HO Failures
Congestion
Reversion to Old Channel (ROC)
Drop Radio
BSS problem
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
Intracell HO Failures : Congestion
Serving
MS BSC MSC
BTS
Measurement Report
MEASUREMENT RESULT
No Free TCH/SDCCH
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
Intracell HO Failures : Reversion to Old Channel
Serving Serving
MS MSC
BTS BSC
ASSIGNMENT CMD ASSIGNMENT COMMEND (old channel)
UA (new channel)
X
SABM (new channel)
UA (new channel)
X
SABM (old channel)
ESTABLISH INDICATION (old channel)
UA (old channel)
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
Internal HO Failures : Reversion to Old Channel
Serving Target
MS BSC MSC
Cell Cell
HO CMD HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER ACCESS
HANDOVER DETECTION
PHYSICAL INFORMATION
UA (L3 info)
ESTABLISH INDICATION
HANDOVER COMPLETE
X
SABM
ESTABLISH INDICATION
UM
HO FAILURE HO FAILURE
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
Internal HO Failures : Drop
Serving Target
MS BSC MSC
Cell Cell
Meas. Report
MEASUREMENT RESULT
CHANNEL ACTIVATION
Clear_request
Clear_command
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
External HO Failures : Congestion
HO_FAILURE
Cause: no radio resource available
HO_REQUIRED_REJECT
HO_FAILURE
Cause: terrestrial circuit already allocated
HO_REQUIRED_REJECT
Requested trerestrial resource unavailable
BSS not equipped
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
External HO Failures : Reversion to Old Channel
CC CHANNEL_ACTIVATION
CHANNEL_ACT_ACK
HO_REQUEST_ACK
HO_COMMAND (HO_COMMAND)
HO_ACCESS
X
HO_ACCESS
X
SABM
ESTABLISH_INDICATION
UA
CLEAR_COMMAND
Radio interface fail:
Reversion to old channel Release connection
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
External HO Failures : Drop
CC CHANNEL_ACTIVATION
CHANNEL_ACT_ACK
HO_REQUEST_ACK
HO_COMMAND (HO_COMMAND)
HO_ACCESS
X
HO_ACCESS
X
SABM
X
SABM
X
SABM
X
CLEAR_COMMAND
Radio interface fail Release connection
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
Important indicators : SDCCH Congestion Rate
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
Important indicators : SDCCH Drop Rate
Definition:
TCH Assign Failure Rate: Rate of RTCH
seizure failed (BSS problem, radio access
problem) during normal assignment
procedure over the total amount or RTCH
request for normal assignment procedure
TCH Assign Congestion Rate: Rate of
RTCH not allocated during normal
assignment due to congestion on Air
Optimization: interface
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
Important indicators : Call Drop Rate
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
Important indicators : Incoming Handover Success Rate
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Global Indicators
Important indicators : Handover Cause Distribution
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Typical Radio Problems
i. Coverage Problem
ii. Interference problem
iii.Unbalanced power
budget problem
iv. Congestion problem
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Typical Radio Problems
QoS indicators
Coverage predictions
Customer complaints
Drive tests
Abis/A traces
Other teams information (NSS
statistics)
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
i. Coverage Problem
Bad coverage :
A network facing coverage problems
has bad RxLev. RxQual can be bad
at the same time.
Sometimes the RxLev can look OK on
the street (i.e. from drivetest) but
coverage inside the buildings can be
poor due to building losses. Building
losses can range from 10 to 30 dB
or more.
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
i. Coverage Problem
Indications :
Customers complain about dropped
calls and/or No Network
OMC QoS indicators
TCH failure rate
Call drop rate
Low proportion of better cell HO
High rate of DL & UL Level HO
(possibly also DL/UL quality HO)
A interface indicators
High rate of Clear Request message,
cause radio interface failure
Drive Test
Poor RxLev ( < -95 dBm)
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
i. Coverage Problem
Investigation and Optimization :
If actual coverage is not the one
predicted by planning tool
Check antenna system (azimuth,
crossed sector?)
Check prediction in the tool (EIRP,
Clutter Type, Obstructing building?).
Most of the time the prediction will be
incorrect, as it is only a computer
simulation
Increase or decrease antenna down-tilt
Check BTS output power set in the
OMC-R (BS_TXPWR_MAX: should always
be set at 0)
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
i. Coverage Problem
Investigation and Optimization :
If actual coverage OK compared to
predicted ones
Improve coverage by adding Macro
site, Microcell site (Border or Shadow
areas), or IBC site (In-building
coverage).
Use parameter setting ex. Bi-layer
Handover.
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
i. Coverage Problem
Example on thresholds :
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
ii. Interference Problem
Interference :
A network facing
interferences problems
presents good RxLev and
bad RxQual in the same
time on some areas.
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
ii. Interference Problem
Indications :
Customers complain about bad speech
quality (noisy calls) and/or call drops
OMC QoS indicators
SDCCH/TCH Drop
Low proportion of better cell HO
High rate of DL/UL quality HO and
interference HO
Low HO success rate
A interface indicators
High rate of Clear Request message,
cause radio interface failure
Drive Test
RxQual > 4 with RxLev > -85 dBm
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
ii. Interference Problem
Typical causes :
GSM interferences
Co-channel
adjacent
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
ii. Interference Problem
Co-channel interference :
Level
C/I = Carrier-to-interference
ratio +12 dB
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
ii. Interference Problem
Co-channel interference :
Indications
Downlink and/or Uplink Interference
High rate of quality handover, call drop,
and call setup failure
Investigation
Drive test analysis
Lumpini: Co-channel checking
Check prediction to verify which cell
could be causing the interference
Frequency plan C/I < 12 dB
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
ii. Interference Problem
Co-channel interference :
Optimization
Antenna optimization
Change frequency
Reduce BTS power (not an option in TA
Orange network)
Concentric cell
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
ii. Interference Problem
Co-channel interference: Optimization: Concentric cell
f(cell1) f(cell2)
-6 dB
E.g.
f(cell1)= Ch.573
f(cell2)= Ch.574
f(cell2)=f(cell1)+1 Frequency
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
ii. Interference Problem
Adjacent channel interference :
Indications
Downlink and/or Uplink Interference
High rate of quality handover, call drop, and
call failure
Investigation
Adjacent HO statistics (if they are defined as
neighbors). If they often handover, then
adjacent channel interference could be a
problem.
Drive test analysis
Lumpini: Adjacent channel checking
Cell coverage prediction
Frequency plan C/I < -6 dB
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
ii. Interference Problem
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
ii. Interference Problem
Interference : Forced Directed Retry
MS should connect to Cell_A, but
no TCH available.
MS connects to Cell_B with forced
directed retry
MS is emitting at high level (due to
long distance from Cell_B) Cell_B: Ch.573
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
iii. Unbalance power budget
Problem
Investigation :
Abis monitoring:
ABS(delta Path loss) > 10
Check if problem is occurring for 1
TRX or all.
ABS(delta path loss) = ABS(UL Path loss
DL Path loss)
UL Path loss = MS transmitted power
measured received UL level
DL Path loss = BTS transmitted power
combiner loss measured received DL
level
Large difference between uplink and
downlink level triggered HO.
Use PM observation counter (in OMC-R)
RT11
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
iii. Unbalance power budget
Problem
Optimization : This equipment
should be checked
TRX types (MP, HP)
Antennas or common RF
components, TMA (common to all
TRX of the BTS)
TRX RF cables, LNA
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
iv. TCH congestion
Problem
TCH Congestion :
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
iv. TCH congestion
Problem
Indications :
Customers complain about Network
busy
OMC QoS indicators
High TCH Congestion rate, RTCH
Assignment fail-Congestion
Low incoming Intra/Inter BSC HO success
rate (no TCH available)
High Directed Retry rate or Congestion
Relief (Motorola) if activated
A interface indicators: BSS Congestion
failure in OC
High rate of Assignment Failure message,
No radio resource available
Drive Test
Handover to better cell is slow, or never
occurs
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
iv. TCH congestion
Problem
Optimization :
Special events :
Foreseeable: football match,
important meeting, Exhibition, etc.
Add some extra TRXs
Add special mobile BTSs (Cell
on Wheel)
Activate HR (may not always be
possible due to BSC capacity
limitations)
Not foreseeable: car crash on the
highway
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
iv. TCH congestion
Problem
Optimization :
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
iv. TCH congestion
Problem
Optimization :
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Problems and responsible
parties
Coverage problem :
If the measured RxLev does not
match the prediction
Check the prediction, check
panoramic pictures for obstructions
Field Operation team to check
physical configuration (tilt, azimuth,
antenna height...). Also check for
faults in the antenna system (VSWR,
sweep antennas, DTF test, etc.)
If Field Operation find no problem,
antenna optimization may be
required (if necessary)
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Problems and responsible
parties
Coverage problem :
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Problems and responsible
parties
Interference problem :
Optimization team to identify the
interference source and request
Spectrum Management team to
correct it in case of internal source
(new frequency planning...)
Regional
RF to request TRX
expansion.
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Optimization: Introduction
Episode: II
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Optimization: Contents
Organization
Alcatel KPIs
Optimization
Workflow
Optimization Process
Optimization Tools
Report Links
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Optimization: Organization
Na m e In Engli sh Na m e i n Tha i Ora nge
Div/De pt No. P osition I D No. Ex t.
Initia l First La st Ini ti a l Fi rst La st M obil e
Acce ss Eng 50 M r. X a vie r Le pe z ANTE & P e rform a nce M gr. 2912 4995 09-100-6680
& 51 Ms. S anida S engy ai .. Adm inist rat or 0723 5174 0 9100 6677
P e rform a nce 52 M r. Rob W e rne r Engi ne e ring Mgr. 1086 5152 0 9100 6466
2EN1110 53 M r. A ndrew B arton Motorola Int erface 0570 5151 0 9100 6424
54 V acant BK K RF Int erfac e
55 M r. P ras ong K ullam a Alcat el Interfac e 0058 4986 0 9100 6432
56 M r. Ferri Tafres hi Spec trum Management 0991 5150 0 9100 6426
57 M r. A ekk orn P oom s eetana Spec trum Eng. 0239 5149 0 9100 6427
58 Ms. Lilly S arujik umjornwatana ..
Spec trum Eng. 4022 5093 0 6501 0054
59 V acant Spec trum Eng.
60 V acant Spec trum Eng.
61 V acant Spec trum Eng.
62 M r. Nazli A bdullah Tec hnic al S upport M gr. 0609 5153 0 9100 6423
63 Ms. A phiwan M alait hong .. Soft ware E ng. 1846 5143 0 9100 6428
64 M r. P not Limpiphiphatn Soft ware E ng. 3028 5219 0 9100 6209
65 V acant Soft ware E ng.
66 Ms. V orrac hitt V eerac hit t .. Frequenc y P lanner (Cont rac tor) - 4027 0 6622 2907
67 M r. W arak orn A ngk aphaiboons ak ul Frequenc y P lanner (Cont rac tor) - 4025 0 1833 4452
68 M r. S iras ith P hanupornprapong
Frequenc y P lanner (Cont rac tor) - 4026 0 1802 2114
Acce ss Eng 92 M s. Linda Re nou Optim iza tion Mgr Motorola - 5064 0 9100 6696
& 93 M r. W as an Tawees in
Optim iz ation E ng. M otorola 0715 4982 0 9100 6683
P e rform a nce 94 M r. S antiphap Utt a Optim iz ation E ng. M otorola 3483 5021 0 9100 6693
2EN1110 95 Ms. S urats awadee K ongs ettak honchai .. Optim iz ation E ng. M otorola 3737 5186 0 9100 6695
96 V acant Optim iz ation E ng. M otorola
97 V acant Optim iz ation E ng. M otorola
98 M r. Renaud Lelong BS S E ng. 3658 5144 0 9100 6555
99 M r. K it tis ak K iatm onk ong BS S E ng. 3972 5156 0 6502 0051
100 V acant BS S E ng.
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Alcatel KPIs : Network
Statistics
OBJECTIVE FAT OBJECTIVE PAT
TYPE OF MEASURE INDICATORS
and Phase 2 Phase 1A and 1B
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Alcatel KPIs : Drivetest
Statistics
% of Samples above Minimum Radio
or equal to Coverage Field
Service Area threshold ("Valid Strength Acceptance
Measurement Sample Threshold on Street
Percentage") Level
Dense Urban 98% - 75 dBm
Urban 96% - 82 dBm
Suburban 93% - 87 dBm
Rural 93% - 97 dBm
Highways 93% - 87 dBm
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Optimization : Workflow
The following are activities of one Radio Network
Optimization Engineer (RNOE) managing the
areas
Check Data Worst Cell Lists
Alerts Prioritization List
Trouble Ticket Check Frequency
(TT) Check Neighbors
Weekly Check Parameters
Dashboard Neighbors Analysis
BGW Lists
CAT Status
Daily Dashboard
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Optimization : Workflow
The following activities are not weekly activities
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Optimization : Process
The following are processes based on
Remedy
Optimization Tasks
Cell-by-cell parameter change/Massive
parameter change
Neighbor addition/deletion
Correction Tasks
Cell-by-cell parameter change/Massive
parameter change
Neighbor addition/deletion
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Optimization : Tools
The following are some tools used by an
Optimizer
RNO : Radio Network OMC-R : Operation
Optimization tool and Maintenance
(A956) Center-Radio
Drive Test Tools NPA : Network
TEMS Performance
GREYSON
Analyzer (A985)
ACTIX (post
INMS
process tool) ASSET
MapInfo Net Monitor
Lunpini
Nbclient
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by
Report Links
Optimization:
Introduction Prepared by