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CEMENT Types-3
CEMENT Types-3
Materials of Construction
Dr. TALEB M. AL-ROUSAN
Types of Cement
BS Description ASTM Description
Ordinary Portland cement Type I
Rapid Hardening Portland cement Type III
Low-heat Portland cement Type IV
Modified cement Type II
Sulphate-resisting Portland cement Type V
Portland blastfurnace (slag cement) Type IS
High slag blastfurnace cement
White Portland cement
Portland-pozzolan Type IP, P, I(PM)
Type I 59 15 12 8
Type II 46 29 6 12
(Max 8)
Type III 60 12 12 8
(Max 15)
Type IV 30 46 5 13
(Max 35) (Min 40) (Max 7)
Type V 43 36 4 12
(Max 5)
Portland Blastfurnace Cement
(Type IS)
Also known as (Slag cement)
Made by blending Portland cement clinker with granulated blast
furnace slag (25-70% of the mass of the mixture).
Blast furnace slag: Waste product in the manufacture of iron.
Slag contains lime, silica, & alumina but with different proportions
than cement.
Similar to (Type I) in: fineness, setting times, & soundness.
Has lower early strength than (Type I) but later strengths are
similar.
Used in :
mass concrete because of lower heat of hydration.
Sea water construction because of better sulphate resistance (lower
C3A).
Slag with low alkai content can be used with aggregate suspected of
alkali reactivity.
Common in countries where slag is widely available.
Super-sulphated Slag Cement
Anti-bacterial cement
Expansive Cements
A cement that expands slightly during early hardening
after setting.
Developed to overcome the problem of drying
shrinkage (avoid cracking).
Magnitude of expansion can be adjusted so that
expansion and shrinkage are equal & opposite.
Type M (high-energy expanding cement): quick
setting, rapid hardening, and high resistance to
sulphate attack.
Type K: magnitude of expansion is more reliable than
Type M.
Type S: has high C3A
Expansive Cements Cont.
Types of concrete: Expansive Cement Concrete &
Shrinkage Compensating Concrete.
In these concretes slump loss occurs faster, and
resistance to sulphate attack may weaken.
Concretes can be used to:
Compensate for volume decrease due to drying shrinkage.
Induce tensile stresses in reinforcement (post tensioning).
Stabilize long term dimensions of post tensioned concrete.
Expansive cements may be used in special
applications such as prevention of water leakage.
Pozzolans
Pozzolan: A siliceous or siliceous and aluminous
material which in it self possesses little or no
cementitious value but will chemically react with
lime( liberated by hydration of Portland cement) in the
presence of moisture at ordinary temperatures to form
compounds possessing cementitious properties.
Typical materials of this type:
Volcanic ash (original pozzolan)
Fly ash (PFA)
Opaline and shales and cherts.
Burnt clay
High-alumina Cement (HAC)
Developed to resist sulphate attack and became
used as a very rapid-hardening cement.
HAC has higher cost because of high cost
material (bauxite), high firing temperature, and
high hardness clinker.
HAC produce higher rate of heat development
than Type III
HAC is slow setting but the final set follows the
initial set more rapidly than in Portland cement.
HAC
Through the hydration of HAC a crystal
change occurs which is encouraged by higher
temperature and higher lime and alkalinity.
This crystal change is known as conversion.
Conversion of HAC leads to loss of strength
due to reduce in density (increase porosity).
Refractory HAC concrete has good chemical
resistance and resist thermal movements and
shocks .
Can withstand temperatures as high as 1600
1800 oC when using special aggregates