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Seminar Contraception Rotation 4 Latest
Seminar Contraception Rotation 4 Latest
Seminar Contraception Rotation 4 Latest
Family Planning
BY: Hafiz Saadon
Aims
To avoid unwanted pregnancies
To bring about wanted pregnancies
To regulate the intervals between pregnancies
To control the time at which birth occurs in
relation to the ages of the parents
To determine the number of the children in
the family
Natural Family Planning (NFS)
Example:
Shortest cycle: 24 days (minus 18)
Longest cycle: 32 days (minus 11)
Safe period: 6th 21st day of cycle
Disadvantages
If the cycle is not regular difficult to predict
the safe period
Educated and highly motivated co-operative
and responsible couple
Half a month abstinence from intercourse
Not applicable during the postnatal period
Unreliable; failure rate: 9 per 100
Coitus Interruptus
The man withdraws his penis from the vagina before
ejaculating
Better than not using any birth control No protection against sexually transmitted
method. infections
Abstinence
Simply means not involving in any sexual
activities
Not effective and practical in young couples
for long period
Can occur at different levels
- Avoiding vaginal penetration only
- Avoiding any genital contact
Basal Body Temperature Method
Basal body temperature method (BBT) It depends
upon the identification of the rise of the BBT at
the time of the ovulation as a result of the
increase in the production of the progesterone
Indication: women who have irregular period
may benefit from this method
Drawback: Complete Abstinence of intercourse in
pre-ovulatory phase
Low failure rate: 0.3% in perfect user, 3.1% in
typical user
Basal Body Temperature Method
Step 1: Take your temperature orally each
morning before you become active.
Step 2: Use a basal thermometer which
recognizes small changes in your temperature.
Your body temperature will only rise between 0.3
and 0.5 degree Celsius when you ovulate.
Step 3: Record you temperature every day on
your fertility tracking calendar.
Reliable period: 3 days after the increase of
temperature until bleeding
Cervical Mucus Method
Step 1: Collect the mucus from the vaginal
opening with your fingers by wiping them from
front to back.
Step 2: Record it daily on your fertility calendar by
making note of the colour (yellow, white, clear or
cloudy), the consistency (thick, sticky, or stretchy)
and the feel (dry, wet, sticky, slippery, stretchy).
Step 3: Ovulation is recorded on the day that your
mucus is wettest, clearest, slippery and most
stretchy (like egg white)
Physiology of Cervical Mucus
In the early non-fertile phase of a womans cycle, the
passageway from the vagina to the uterus is closed by thick
mucus. Sperm are unable to pass through the cervix.
After the fertile phase ends, the cervix is again closed off by
a thick-mucus plug, blocking the cervical canal. Sperm are
unable to pass through the cervix.
Lactational Amenorrhoa
Indicated to breastfeeding mothers, the most
reliable period is 6 months after delivery
Criteria
Amenorrhea
Fully breastfeed their infant until 6 months
Breastfeed about 4-hourly during the day and
6-hourly throughout the night
Efficacy
The perfect-use failure rate within the first 6
months is 0.5%. The typical-use failure rate
within the first 6 months is 2%.
Barrier Contraception
Robithah Razali
2010415494
Its prevent pregnancy by creating physical barrier to sperm
reaching and fertilizing the egg
It beens used before sexual intercourse
Its includes
Condoms
Spermicides Diaphragm
Cervical cap
Effective protection against STD
They can be used in conjunction with
hormonal method or IUD for protection
against infection and increase contraceptive
efficacy.
Effectiveness of preventing pregnancy and STD.
EFFECTIVENESS IN
BARRIER FAILURE RATE*
PREVENTING STIS
Male condom 15 (spermicide further lowers Most effective
this failure rate)
Female condom 21 Somewhat effective
Cervical cap with spermicide 16 (no past vaginal childbirth) Limited effectiveness
32 (past vaginal childbirth)
http://www.webmd.com/
Condoms
Male condoms : is a thin covering made of
latex,or plastic and flexible sheath or
cover placed over the penis
High failure
rates compare
to other
method
Diaphragm Allergies to
and cervical spermicide,
cap increase latex
risk UTI
Oral Contraception
Is IUD permanent?
- It is reversible!
Effect:
Inhibit endometrial thickening
prevent implantation
Thickened cervical mucus
Used for contraception, treatment
of heavy menstrual bleeding
(menorrhagia), & as a part of
hormone replacement therapy
(HRT).
Progesterone IUD:
70
COPPER IUD VS MIRENA
COPPER IUD MIRENA
Failure rate in 1st year 0.8% 0.1%
of use
Mode of action Toxic to both sperm and Local hormonal effect on
oocyte cervical mucus and
endometrium
Effect on menstrual Periods can become heavier Periods more irregular but
cycle with increase pain much lighter. Tend to become
amenorrhoeic
Menstrual spotting Often more days of spotting Erratic spotting very common
before and after periods initially, settles later
Hormonal side effects None May cause greasier skin and
acne, breast tenderness and
mood swings. Symptoms settle
with time
Therapeutic side effect None Helps heavy and painful
periods, can use as HRT
regimen
Average cost +/- RM100 RM760/box
Advantages Disadvantages
Efficacy:
Highly effective contraception
Failure rate 1-5 per 1000 cases
Efficacy 99.4%- 99.8%
Advantages Disadvantages
Complication
Ectopic pregnancy
Infection or uterine perforation
Post Tubal Ligation Syndrome (irregular and painful
periods, bleeding in a mid-cycle, or no menstrual periods
Surgical Approach
(A), Tube is grasped with forceps; (B), a loop is ligated; (C), the loop is excised;
(D), several months later, the fibrosed ends of the tube separate.
Parkland method
Filshie Hulka
Hysteroscopy /Essure
Vasectomy
Surgery to clamped,cut or
sealed the vas deferens (tubes
that carry a sperm from
testicles to the urethra)
prevents sperm from mixing
with the semen that is
ejaculated from the penis.
Efficacy:
Highly effective contraception
Failure rate 1-2 per 1000 cases
Efficacy 99.85%
Advantages Disadvantages
Serious illness
Urological problems
Complication
Infection
Hematoma
Sperm granuloma
Methods
Vas deferens can be blocked either by:
- Cautery
- Ligation
No scalpel vasectomy cause less pain and bleeding
Procedure
Vasectomy perform under local anesthetic or GA
Incisions are performed on each side of scrotum
Vas deferens are located, excised and ligated.
Vasectomy
Thank you