Energy Capacity to do work

Total energy
Energy classifies as
1. Macroscopic energy 2.Microscopic energy
Microscopic energy related molecular structure of system and
degree of molecular activity
Sum of all microscopic forms of energy posses by system is
Internal energy
 By first law of thermodynamics for system undergoing process
we can write
d(Q) = d(E) + d(W)
d(E) = d(Q)-d(W)
If KE and PE are kept constant then change in total energy is
called as internal energy and denoted by U
According to joule law internal energy is function of temperature.
U is independent of pressure and volume of particular state of
system
The processes L and M together constitute a cycle, for which
dW = dQ
W(l) + W(m)= Q(l) + Q(m)
or Q(l) W(l) = W(m) Q(m) ...(1)
This can be written as
E(l)= E(m) ...(2)
Similarly, had the system returned
from state 2 to state 1 by following the
path N instead of path M
E(l) = E(n) ...(3)
From equations (2) and (3),
E(m) = E(n) ...(4.10)
 change in energy between two states of a system is the
same, whatever path the system may follow in undergoing
that change of state
energy has a definite value for every state of the system.
Hence, it is a point function and a property of the system

High grade energy called as exergy. ex.work

Low grade energy called as anergy. ex heat