What is C#?

Object-oriented programming
language from Microsoft

Aims to combine the

computing power of C++ with
the programming ease of
Visual Basic

Based on C++ and contains

History
It was developed by Microsoft within
its .NET initiative
Anders Hejlsberg
C# takes its name from C and C++
languages
C# was developed from this formula:
C# = (C++)++
Sample Source Code
and Output
Simple
Pointers are missing in C#.
Unsafe operations are not allowed.
In C# there is no usage of "::" or "->" operators.
Varying ranges of the primitive types like Integer,
Floats etc.
Integer values of 0 and 1 are no longer accepted as
boolean values.
"==" is used for comparison and "=" is used for
assignment.
 Modern
C# has been based according to the current
trend and is very powerful and simple for
building interoperable, scable, robust
applications.

C# includes built in support to turn any

component into a web service that can be
invoked over the internet from any application
runing on any platform.
 Object Oriented
C# supports Data Encapsulation, inheritance,
polymorphism, interfaces.

(int, float, double) are not objects in java but

C# has introduced structures which enable the
primitive types to become objects.
 Type Safe
We cannot perform unsafe casts like convert
double to a boolean.
Arrays are zero base indexed and are bound
checked.
Overflow of types can be checked.
Interoperability
C# includes native support for the COM and
windows based applications.
Allowing restricted use of native pointers.
Components from VB NET and other managed
code languages and directly be used in C#.
 Scalable and

Updateable
.NET has introduced assemblies which are self
describing by means of their manifest.

To scale our application we delete the old files

and updating them with new ones. No
registering of dynamic linking library.
 Advantages
Borrows Concepts from Java and C++
Supports Effective and Reusable Components
Portable
Can be written in as simple as a textpad and a command line
Managed Code
Used for Web Programming
Disadvantages
Programs are largely for
Microsoft Windows
Environment
Has eliminated the unsafe
code functionalities from C++
Still needs the .NET
framework to be present on
the system
Myths and Truths
It is a Microsofts property

It is intended to be used only in

Windows

It just runs on Windows. On

linux runs so bad.
 C
1972
Dennis Ritchie
1990s

C++
1979
Bjarne
Stroustrup
 Stroustrup: "the name
signifies the evolutionary
C++ nature of the changes from
C
see plus plus

Coined by Rick Mascitti

During C++'s
development period, the
language had been
referred to as "new C" and
"C with Classes" before
What is C++?
It is an object oriented programming language
Designed to making programming more
enjoyable for the serious programmer.
Uses of C++
C++ is widely used in embedded systems software
engineering
Popular in communications and gaming
health care, finances, and even defense.
C++ programming language is very simple and
easy to learn and write
Special Features
Classes
Inheritance
Data abstraction and encapsulation
Polymorphism
Dynamic Binding
Message Passing
Special Features
Classes
By using classes we can create user defined data
types
In other words the class is the collection of set of data
and code

Class <class-name>
{
//Body of class;
Special Features
Data Abstraction
representing essential features without
including background detail

Encapsulation
hiding of data from the data structures or in
other words wrapping up of data in single entity
Special Features
Inheritance
allows one data type to acquire properties of
other data types
Inheritance from a base class may be declared
as public, protected, or private.
Special Features
Polymorphism
it means that the one interface can be used for
many implementation so that object can
behave differently for each implementation
Types of polymorphism :
static (Compile time)
dynamic (Run time)
Advantages
Available on most machines
Can get good performance
Can get small size
Can manage memory effectively
Can control everything
Good supply of programmers
Suitable
for almost any type of program (from
systems programs to applications)
Disadvantages
Complex in very large high level program.
When C++ used for web applications complex
and difficult to debug.
C++ can't support garbage collection.
C++ not support Dynamic Memory Allocation.
WHAT IS R?
R is the leading tool for statistics, data analysis,
and machine learning. It is more than a
statistical package; its a programming
language, so you can create your own objects,
functions, and packages.
HISTORY
Who? John Chambers
Where? Origin in the Bell Labs in the
1970s
SAMPLE OF USING R
SAMPLE OF USING R
SAMPLE OF USING R
ADVANTAGE
It comes as free, open-source code
It runs anywhere
It supports extensions
It provides an engaged community
It connects with other languages
DISADVANTAGE
R has a steep learning curve
R can very quickly consume all available
memory
A General Purpose Programming Language
WHAT is a
python?
Python is a powerful high-
level, object-oriented
programming language
created by Guido van
Rossum. The design began in
the late 1980s and was first
released in February 1991.
The name "Python" was
adopted from the same
series "Monty
Python's Flying
Circus
PYTHON 3.5, THE
LAST UPDATED
VERSION, WAS
RELEASE LAST SEPT 13,
2015
PYTHON
.. Is a GENERAL-PURPOSE Language
.. EMPHASIZES ON CODE
READABILITY
.. HAS CLEAN SYNTAX AND SHORT CODE
LENGTH
*SYNTAX /SIN TAKS/ - IS THE SET OF
RULES THAT DEFINES THE
COMBINATIONS OF SYMBOLS
CONSIDERED TO BE A CORRECTLY
STRUCTURED DOCUMENT OR FRAGMENT
IN THAT LANGUAGE
 It has simple
easy-to-use
syntax, making
it the perfect
language for
someone trying
to learn
computer
programming for
the first time.
FEATURES of Python
Programming
1. A simple language which is easier
to learn makes programming fun and
allows you to focus on the solution rather
than syntax.

2. Free and open-source

You can freely use and distribute Python,
even for commercial use. Not only can you
use and distribute software written in it, you
can even make changes to the Python's
FEATURES of Python
Programming
3. Portability
You can move Python programs from one platform
to another, and run it without any changes.

4. EXTENSIBLE AND EMBEDDABLE

YOU CAN EASILY COMBINE PIECES OF C/C++ OR
OTHER LANGUAGES WITH PYTHON CODE.
FEATURES of Python
Programming
5. A high-level, interpreted language
It automatically converts your code to the language your computer
understands

6. Large standard libraries to solve

common tasks
(Standard Library is a collection of classes and functions, which are
written in the core language and part of the standard itself)

7. Object-oriented
Object oriented programming (OOP) helps you solve a complex
problem intuitively
Applications of
PYTHON
Programming
Web Application

SCIENTIFIC AND
NUMERIC COMPUTING

CREATING SOFTWARE
PROTOTYPES
GOOD LANGUAGE TO
TEACH PROGRAMMING
3 BIGGEST ADVANTAGE
OF LEARNING PYTHON
1. Time-wasting matters of style, especially
regarding enclosing curly-bracket
positioning blocks, simply go away
2. Whenever youre faced with a problem and
are figuring out how to do it, there will be
multiple well-documented ways
3. You can become productive in Python fairly
quickly even as a beginner, yet it will serve
 RUN SLOWER
TAKE LESS
TIME TO
DEVELOP
3-5 TIMES
VS
SHORTER

5-10
TIMES
SHORTER
REASONS to choose
python as 1 language
st
STRUCTURED
QUERY
LANGUAGE
 Brief History

1970s
When in the IBM laboratories, new database
software was created - System R.
To manage the data stored in System R, the SQL
language was created.
1979
Relational Software (later Oracle) saw the
potential of SQL and release its own modified
version, named Oracle V2
 SQL
Structured Query Language
SQL or Structured Query Language

a standard computer language for

accesing andmanipulating
database systems.
SQL is a set based declarative
programming languageand not an
imperative programming language like C
orBASIC.
 SQL

used to communicate with a database.

According to ANSI, it is the standard
language for relational database
management systems.
SQL statements are used to perform
tasks such as update data on a
database, or retrieve data from a
database.
 Characteristics of SQL:

An ANSI (American National Standards

Institute) and ISO standard computer
languagefor creating and manipulating
databases.
Allows the user to create, update, delete,
andretrieve data from a database.
Very simple and easy to learn.
Works with database programs like DB2,
Oracle,MS Access, Sybase, MS SQL Sever etc.
 SQL
SPECIAL FEATURES
 Language Elements
Clauses
the clauses are components of the statements and the queries
Expressions
the expressions can produce scalar values or tables, which consist of
columns and rows of data
Predicates
they specify conditions, which are used to limit the effects of the
statements and the queries, or to change the program flow
Queries
a query will retrieve data, based on a given criteria
 Language Elements
Statements
with the statements one can control transactions, program
flow, connections, sessions, or diagnostics.
In database systems, it is used for sending queries from a
client program to a server where the databases are stored. In
response, theserverprocesses the SQL statements and
returns replies to the client program.
Allows users to execute a wide range of amazingly fast data
manipulation operations from simple data inputs to
complicated queries.
 Queries
FROM
It indicates thetablewhere the search will be made.
WHERE
It's used to define the rows, in which the search will be carried.
All rows, for which the WHERE clause is not true, will be
excluded.
ORDER BY
This is the only way to sort the results in SQL. Otherwise, they
will be returned in a random order.
 SQL
DATA MANIPULATION
DATA DEFINITION
DATA CONTROL
 Data Manipulation
INSERT
Add new rows to an already existing table

SQL UPDATE
Modify the already exiting information in an SQL
Table

DELETE
Remove unneeded rows from a table
 Data Definition
CREATE
you can create a new table in an existing
database.
DROP
you can delete tables, which you no
longer need
 Data Definition
TRUNCATE
you can delete all the content in the table, but
keep the actual table intact and ready for further
use
ALTER
permits the user to modify an existing object in
various ways -- for example, by adding a column
to an existing table.
 Data Control
GRANT
You can authorize users to modify the selected
table
REVOKE
You can remove all privileges, previously
granted to a user.
 SQL
ADVANTAGES
 Advantages of SQL

High Speed
SQL Queries can be used to retrieve large
amounts of records from a database quickly
and efficiently.
Well Defined Standards Exist
SQL databases use long-established
standard, which is being adopted by ANSI &
ISO. Non-SQL databases do not adhere to
any clear standard.
 Advantages of SQL

No Coding Required
Using standard SQL it is easier to manage
database systems without having to write
substantial amountof code.
Emergence of ORDBMS
Previously SQL databases were synonymous
withrelational database. With the emergence of
Object Oriented DBMS, object storage capabilities
are extended to relational databases.
 SQL
DISADVANTAGES
 Disadvantages of SQL:

Difficulty in Interfacing
Interfacing an SQL database is more complex
than adding a few lines of code.
More Features Implemented in Proprietary
way
Although SQL databases conform to ANSI &
ISOstandards, some databases go for
proprietary extensions to standard SQL to
ensure vendor lock-in.
STRUCTURED
QUERY
LANGUAGE