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03 Control of Active Power & Frequency
03 Control of Active Power & Frequency
03 Control of Active Power & Frequency
AND FREQUENCY
Copyright P. Kundur
This material should not be used without the author's consent
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Active Power and Frequency Control
C- 1
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Primary Speed Controls
C- 2
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r = rotor speed Y = valve/gate position
Pm = mechanical power
C- 3
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Figure 11.8 Governor with steady-state feedback
C- 4
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Percent Speed Regulation or Droop
f f
P1 P1 P1 P2 P2 P2
R1 R2
P1 R2
P2 R1
C- 7
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(a) Schematic diagram of governor and turbine
C- 9
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PL
f SS
1 R1 1 R2 1 Rn D
PL
1 Req D
where
1
Req
1 Req 1 R2 1 Rn
PL 1
D
f SS Req
C- 10
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Supplementary Control of Isolated
Systems
C- 11
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Figure 11.22 Addition of integral control on generating units
selected for AGC
C- 12
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Supplementary Control of Interconnected
Systems
C- 13
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Figure 11.27 AGC control logic for each area
C- 14
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Figure 11.28 Functional diagram of a typical AGC system
C- 15
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Underfrequency Load Shedding
C- 16
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Fig. 11.30 Frequency decay due to generation deficiency (L)
C- 17
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Underfrequency Load Shedding (cont'd)
C- 18
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