CARE

LABELLING
 INTRODUCTION
• Care labels indicate how to clean textile articles in the
best possible way.

• Care symbols provide all the necessary information on

washing, bleaching, ironing, dry cleaning and tumble
drying.

• All the components of the textile need be taken into

account: other fibers, accessories, but also dying,
finishing treatments and texture.

• Care labeling is determined under the responsibility of

the garment maker in common interest of textile
manufacturers, drycleaners and of course consumers.
• Care symbols are recommendations on how to clean a
textile article on which they are affixed; they should
not be considered as a use guaranty neither as a
quality mark.

• Symbols refer to maximum permissible treatments that

a textile article can bear without irreversible damage.
More severe treatments can always be applied.

• Care labels often are a deciding factor when

consumers shop for clothing.
Care labeling requirements (General
and FTC norms)
• Providing complete instructions about regular care for the
garment, or provide warnings if the garment cannot be cleaned
without harm.

• Ensuring that care labeling instructions, if followed, will cause

no substantial harm to the product.

• Warning consumers about certain procedures that they may

assume to be consistent with the instructions on the label, but
that would harm the product. For example, if a pair of pants is
labeled for washing, consumers may assume they can iron
them. If ironing would harm the pants, the label should read,
"Do not iron."

• Ensuring that care labels remain attached and legible

throughout the useful life of the product.
• Labels may be attached in such a way that they can be seen or
easily found by consumers at the point of sale.

• If labels can't be seen easily because of packaging, additional

care information must appear on the outside of the package or
on a hang tag attached of the product.

• A garment that consists of two or more parts and is always sold

as a unit needs only one care label if the care instructions are
the same for all the pieces. The label should be attached to the
major piece of the suit. If the suit pieces require different care
instructions or are designed to be sold separately, like
coordinates, then each item must have its own care label.
 ALL LABELING MUST HAVE A REASONABLE BASIS FOR
THE CARE INSTRUCTIONS, INCLUDING WARNINGS.
• That means reliable evidence must be there to support the care
instructions. For example, you cannot say "Dry-clean Only"
unless you have proof that washing is harmful to the garment.

• Following constitutes reliable evidence depends on several

factors.
– In some cases, experience and industry expertise can serve as a
reasonable basis.
– In other instances – by doing experiments (results of tests), for example,
when a dye is used that is known to bleed or when beads that are known
to be damaged, often is dry-cleaning is used - test results showing that
the garment can be cleaned as recommended without damage may be
required.
International Care labeling system-
GINETEX (Belgium, Germany, France, UK, Netherlands, Israel, Austria, Switzerland, Spain)

• Internationally, many countries follow different care instructions

and have different laws and rules governing the same.
• The International Association for Textile Care Labeling
(GINETEX) had, therefore, developed a language-independent
care labeling system in 1975.
• With an aim to promote voluntary care labeling on international
basis, the GINETEX care labeling system (or international care
labeling system) mainly uses symbols to provide care
instructions.
• ISO 3758 1991 provides a code of reference for the use of
these symbols.
• The system consists of five basic symbols and their full
descriptions are shown in the following.
 WASHING
Maximum temperature 95° C
Mechanical action normal
Rinsing normal
Spinning normal

Maximum temperature 95° C

Mechanical action reduced
Rinsing at gradually decreasing
temperature (cool down)
Spinning reduced

Maximum temperature 40° C

Mechanical action much reduced
Rinsing normal
Spinning normal
Do not wring by hand
WASHING
Hand wash
Do not machine wash
Maximum temperature of
wash 40° C
Handle with care

Do not wash.
Be cautious when treating
in wet stage
BLEACHING
Chlorine-based bleaching
allowed
Only cold and dilute solution

Do not use chlorine-based bleach

IRONING
Iron at a maximum sole-plate temperature of 200° C

Iron at a maximum sole-plate temperature of 150° C

Iron at a maximum sole-plate temperature of 110° C

Do not iron
Steaming and steam treatments are not allowed
 DRYING
Tumble dry possible
Normal drying cycle

Tumble dry possible

Drying at lower temperature setting

Do not tumble dry

 Dry-cleaning
Dry-cleaning in all solvents normally used for dry-cleaning - this includes all
solvents listed for the symbol P, plus trichloroethylene and trichloroethane

Dry-cleaning in tetrachloroethylene, monofluorotrichloromethane and all

solvents listed for the symbol F
Normal cleansing procedures without restrictions

Dry-cleaning in the solvents listed in the previous paragraph

Strict limitations on the addition of water and/or mechanical action and  /or
temperature during cleaning and/or drying
No self-service cleaning allowed

Dry-cleaning in trifluorotrichloroethane, white spirit (distillation temperature

between 150° C and 210° C, flash point 38° C to 6O° C) Strict limitations
on the addition of water and/or mechanical action and/ or temperature
during cleaning and/or drying
No self-service cleaning allowed

Do not dry clean

No stain removal with solvents
 Washing Instructions: Five Elements
( as per FTC)
One: Washing by hand or by machine
The label must say whether the product should be washed by
hand or machine. The label also must give a water temperature
setting if regular use of hot water will harm the product.

Two: Bleaching
If all commercially available bleaches can be used on a regular
basis without harming the product, the label does not have to
mention bleach.
If using chlorine bleach on a regular basis would harm the
product, but using non-chlorine bleach on a regular basis would
not, the label must say, "Only non-chlorine bleach, when
needed."
If all commercially available bleaches would harm the product
when used on a regular basis, the label must say "No bleach" or
"Do not bleach."
Three: Drying
The label must say whether the product should be dried
by machine or some other method. Unless regular use of
high temperature will harm the product when machine
dried, it is not necessary to indicate a temperature
setting.

Four: Ironing
Ironing information must be given on a care label if
ironing will be needed on a regular basis. If regular use
of a hot iron will not harm a product, it is not necessary
to indicate a temperature setting.
Five: Warnings (including dry cleaning)
If the consumer reasonably could be expected to use a care
procedure that would harm the product, the label must contain
a warning like "Do not," "No," "Only," to warn against the
harmful procedure.

If a care procedure on one product could cause harm to

another product being washed with it, a warning must be
included. For example, if an item is not colorfast, the label must
say, "Wash with like colors" or "Wash separately."

Warnings are not necessary for alternative procedures that

could be harmful. For example, if the instructions state, "Dry
flat," it's not necessary to state, "Do not tumble dry."
 Drycleaning Instructions
A simple "dryclean" instruction may be used under two conditions.

First, if all commercially available types of solvent can be used,

the label doesn't have to mention any particular type of solvent.
If one or more solvents would harm the product, however, a
safe solvent must be mentioned. (For example, "Dryclean,
petroleum solvent.")

Second, a simple "dryclean" may be used if the drycleaning

process,can be used on the garment with no modifications. If
any part of the drycleaning process would harm the product, the
"dryclean" instruction must include a warning to avoid or modify
that part of the process. "Do not," "No," "Only," or other clear
wording must be used. For example, if steam would damage a
garment, the label should say, "Dryclean. No steam."
The care symbols from the American Society for Testing and
Materials (ASTM) designated as ASTM Standard D5489-96c,

Standard Guide for Care Symbols for Care Instructions on

Textile Products, may be used in place of words, but the
symbols must fulfill the requirements of the FTC Rule.

These symbols are also very similar but not identical to the
symbols designated as an international standard by the
International Standards Organization (ISO) that are used in
many European countries.

Only the ASTM symbols have been approved for use in the
United States.
 Canadian system of care labeling
The system consists of five basic symbols which are
illustrated in three traffic light colours, with green colour
indicates no special precautions, a red colour indicates
prohibition and orange colour suggests that precautions
necessary. Words in English and French may be used, in
addition to the symbols conveying special instructions
not covered by one of the basic symbols. The five
symbols must appear in the following order on the care
labels: washing, bleaching, drying, ironing, and dry-
cleaning.
The following table shows the symbols described in
CAN/CGSB-86.1-M91.
 Australian Care Labeling system
• Similar to the US care labeling system, the
Australian system uses words with a few
symbols to describe the care instructions.
Based on Australian Standard 1957-1987,
phrases and symbols used in laundering
and dry-cleaning instructions fall into five
categories: general and warnings,
washing, drying, ironing and dry-cleaning.
Japanese Care Labeling system

The Japanese care labelling system has

symbols grouped in six categories:
washing, possibility of chlorine-based
bleaching, ironing, dry-cleaning, wringing
and drying based on JIS L 0217 (1995)
ISO CARE LABELING