Machine Safety

Members:
Matthew Liu
Mharvin Chua
Rupert Mangibunong
Nadine Te
Gillian Luceno
Samantha Verano
 Machines
A machine is a tool containing one
or more parts that uses energy to
perform an intended action.
Machines are usually powered by
chemical, thermal, or electrical
means, and are often motorized.
Historically, a power tool also
required moving parts to classify
as a machine. However, the advent
of electronics has led to the
development of power tools
without moving parts that are
considered machines.
Types of Machine Hazards
 - Mechanical Hazards
- Non-mechanical Hazards
Mechanical Hazards
occur at the point of operation (that point where work
is performed on the material such as cutting, shaping,
boring, or forming a stock)
-at the power transmission apparatus (all components
of the mechanical system that transmit energy to the
part of the machine performing the work such as
pullies, sprockets and gears that may cause
entanglement)
-at other moving parts (all parts of the machine that
move while the machine is working. These may include
reciprocating, rotating, and transverse moving parts, as
well as the auxiliary parts of the machine.)
Non-mechanical hazards
associated with machinery and equipment can include
harmful emissions, contained fluids or gas under
pressure, chemicals and chemical by-products,
electricity and noise.
Examples:
1. Heat - ignition sources (flame or spark)
2. Heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury) chemicals
3. Inhalation of dust - bacterial/suffocation 4. Radiation -
ionizing
Controls
Signs/warnings
Wherever there is a rotating part operating close to a
fixed structure there is a danger of trapping or crushing.
Reciprocating and sliding motions.
SAFETY GEAR
Eye protection
Hearing protection
Protective clothing and ensembles
 Lockout-Tagout
Lockout-tagout or lock and tag is a system used to ensure that
machines are properly shut off and not started up again before
the completion of maintenance or servicing work.
Hazardous power sources must be isolated before any
repair procedure is started.
Different types of locks are used for locking the
machine or the power source in a manner that no hazardous
power sources can be turned on.
A tag is also attached to the locked device indicating
that it must not be turned on
Machine Guarding
Function
 Machine Guarding
Function
Moving machine parts have the potential to cause
severe workplace injuries, such as crushed fingers or
hands, amputations, burns, or blindness.
The purpose of machine guarding is to protect the
machine operator and other employees in the work
area from hazards created during the machine's normal
operation.
Causes of Machine Accidents

Reaching in to clear equitment

Not using Lockout/Tagout

Unauthorized persons doing maintenance or using the machine.

Missing or loose machine guards

Where Mechanical Hazards Occur
Point of Operation the point where work is performed on the
matrial, such as cutting, shaping, boring, or forming of stock must
be guarded.
Where Mechanical Hazards Occur
All parts of the machine which move, such as:

- Flywheels, pulleys, belts, couplings, chains, cranks, gears, etc.

- Feed mechanisms and auxiliary parts of the machine
 Machine Guarding
Function
General Requirements:
Prevent Contact prevent workers body or clothing
from contacting hazardous moving parts.
Protect from falling objects ensure that no objects
can fall into moving parts.
Guards must not create potential hazards and must be
attached to the machine much as possible.
If guards cannot be attached to the machine, attach
elsewhere.
Machine Guarding Types
Fixed Guard are probably the most common because
of their simplicity and effectiveness. These are attached
permanently to equipment and can only be removed
with considerable effort.
Interlocked guards are designed to be removed or
opened to allow access to the hazard zone.
Machine Guarding Types
Adjustable guards allow a machine to handle a wide variety
of material sizes while still protecting the unused portion of
the blade or the point of operation. These guards must be
adjusted manually.
Self-adjusting guards typically found on saws, are pushed
away from the point of operation when material is fed into the
machine. But they only open enough to allow the material into
the cutting zone, thus keeping the remainder of the blade
covered.
Devices
Devices
A safety device may perform one of several functions. It
may stop the machine if a hand or any part of the body
is inadvertently placed in the danger area; restrain or
withdraw the operator's hands from the danger area
during operation; require the operator to use both
hands on machine controls, thus keeping both hands
and body out of danger; or provide a barrier which is
synchronized with the operating cycle of the machine in
order to prevent entry to the danger area during the
hazardous part of the cycle.
Devices
Pull back - the device is attached to the wrist of the operator
which pulls the operator's hands away from the point of operation
or other hazardous areas when the machine operates.
Devices
Restraint - Restraints are sometimes referred to as "holdouts."
They are similar to pullbacks and are appropriate safeguards for
both full and part revolution mechanical power presses. When
properly anchored, restraints are adjusted so that the operator
can never reach the point of operation.