KYOTO PROTOCOL

What is Kyoto Protocol ??

International treaty which extends the 1992
UNFCC that commits state parties to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions
Adopted in Kyoto , Japan on Dec 11,1997 and
entered into force on Feb 16,2005
Protocols 1st commitment period started in 2008
and ended in 2012
India signed and ratified the protocol in August
2002
On January 2017,Union Cabinet gave its
approval to ratify the second commitment
period(2013-2020)
Under the Kyoto Protocol (KP) which had
become operational in 2005, only developed
nations are mandatorily required to undertake
(emission cuts)
Developed countries also need to provide
financial resources and transfer of technology to
the developing nations.
 POLICIES ADOPTED BY INDIA

The 11th Five Year Plan, which contains mandatory and voluntary measures to
increase efficiency in power generation and distribution
increased use of nuclear power and renewable energy
a target to increase energy efficiency by 20% by 201617
expanded electricity supply to villages
policies designed to increase tree and forest cover
building codes designed to reduce energy consumption
Implementation of Clean Development Mechanism projects under the KP's 2nd
commitment period may also attract some investments in India
Incentivising several firms in India to retrofit their polluting plants with newer
technology in the hope of earning carbon credits
 CURRENT CHALLENGES
Until now, 75 countries have ratified the so-called Doha Amendment of
the Kyoto Protocol, which spans from 2012 to 2020
It falls far short of the 144 needed to bring it into force
The refusal of the U.S., the second largest polluter, to be part of the
Protocol
Lack of commitments by Canada, Japan and other major developing
countries meant that global emissions actually rose during this period