CONTENTS

• Introduction
• Traditional Approach
• Hyper Threading
Architecture
Overview
Comparison
• Result
• Challenges
• Future Aspects
• References
 Introduction

• HTT is a form of SMT

( Simultaneous Multithreading Technology)

 Multiple threads execute on a single processor

without switching.
Traditional Approach to Processor design focus
on
• Higher Clock Speed-Pipelining
(LIMITATION : Cache misses,Interrupt,Branch Misprediction)

• Instruction-level Parallelism
(LIMITATION : Cost Increases)

• Cache Hierarchies
(LIMITATION : Recquire Larger Die Area)
 Hyper Threading :

• Makes one Physical Processor look like two

logical processor

• Each logical processor has

 Its own Architecture State
 Execute its own Stream Concurrently
 Shares Execution Engine and Cache
 Shares Firmware and System Bus
Hyper-Threading Technology Architecture

Arch State Arch State Arch State

Processor Execution Processor Execution

Resources Resources

Processor with out Hyper-Threading Processor with Hyper-Threading

Technology Technology

Ref: Intel Technology Journal, Volume 06 Issue 01, February 14, 2005
Overview of HT Processor
 Programmers Perspective

Programmer Needs to :
• Detect HTT enabled Processor

• Identify Number of logical Processor

• Associate each Processor with Physical Process

The cpuid instruction is used to perform these tasks

.
 .

Comparison Between Different Technique

 .

Ref : Intel Corp.

 What HT processor
does :
• Makes one physical Processor looks like two
logical Processor

• Minimizes the cost/performance ratio because

the die size only increases by 5%, the power
difference is minimal as well
What Makes 5% Increase ?

• Mostly the Duplicate Architecture

• Additional Control Logic to support Duplicate

Architecture
 Results
• It minimizes cost because the die size only increases
by 5%, the power difference is minimal as well

• Measured performance on the Intel Xeon processor

with Hyper-Threading Technology shows
performance gains of up to 30%
 Challenges

• Design Efficient Algorithm to use HTT

• Prioritizing events over time between the two

logical processors

• Optimize BIOS,OS and other Application to use

HTT
 Future Aspects

• The future of HT is somewhat uncertain with dual

core technology gaining popularity

• Next level Processors -Dual Core–HT Enabled

 References
 Intel Technology Journal, Volume 06 Issue 01, February 14, 2005.

 Intel Processors Optimization Reference Manual, Intel Corp.

(http://developer.intel.com/design/pentium4/manuals)

 Wikipedia
(http://en.wikipedia.org)
Queries ?