INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

SETTLEMENT AND PLANNING

SAKSHI BOLIYA(11)
SHEFALI KATARIA(17)
VIDHI MATHUR(39)
YASHASVI AGARWAL(44)
 INTRODUCTION
The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization
Time period 3300-1300 BCE;
Mature period 2600-1600 BCE
The life in the Indus cities gives the impression of a democratic bourgeois
economy like that of ancient Crete.
Inhabitants developed new techniques in handicraft and metallurgy.
The cities are noted for:
urban planning,
baked brick houses,
elaborate drainage systems,
water supply systems,
clusters of large non-residential buildings.
Among the settlements were the major urban
centers of Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Dholavira,
Ganeriwala in Cholistan and Rakhigarhi.
 URBAN CITIES OF CIVILIZATION
The Indus civilization flourished around cities.
The city was the heart of the civilization.
Large cities divided into two parts.
The higher and upper portion of the city was protected by a construction
which looks like a fort.
The ruling class of the towns lived in the protected area.
The other part of the towns was lower in height than the former and
common men lived in this area.
The lower area of the towns generally spread over one square mile.
 A-GRID PATTERN-CITY WALLS
Harappa and Mohen-Jo Daro were laid out on a grid pattern and had
provisions for an advanced drainage system.

Mohen-Jo Daro
Each city in the Indus Valley was surrounded by massive walls and
gateways.
The walls were built to control trade and also to stop the city from being
flooded.
Each part of the city was made up of walled sections.
Each section included different buildings such as: Public buildings, houses,
markets, craft workshops, etc.
 B-CITY LEVEL PLANNING
A typical city is divided into two sections, each fortified separately.
One section was located on an artificially raised mound, while the other
level was on ground.

The acropolis contained important buildings, like the assembly halls,

religious structures, granaries and the great bath
The lower section of city was for housing inhabitants
The city was well connected with roads about 30 meters long which met at
right angles.
The houses were located in the rectangular squares.
 C-STREET
The main streets of Indus Valley ran from north to south and east to west
intersecting one another at right angles.
9 feet to 34 feet.
They ran straight to a mile.
Suitable for wheeled traffic.
Lanes were joined with the streets.
Each lane had a public well.
Street lamps were provided.
 D-PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND HOUSES
Palaces, temples or municipal halls were part of public buildings.
The rich and the ruling class lived in the multi-roomed spacious house the
poorer section lived in small tenements.
Smaller houses had two rooms, while larger houses had many rooms.
The public building and big
houses were situated on the
streets.
The modest houses were
situated on the lanes.
Encroachment on public roads
or lanes was not permitted.
The houses can be divided into
three main groups :
dwelling houses
larger buildings
Public baths.
 D-PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND HOUSES
Most houses had baths, wells and covered drains connected with
street drains.
Ordinary buildings had little ventilation.
The houses was that rooms were built around an open courtyard.
There was little
artistic touch in the
architectural
design of the
buildings belonging
either to the rich or
the poor.
They were plain,
utilitarian and
comfortable to live.
Some buildings
were multi-storied.
SECTION THROUGH HOUSE.
 E-DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Housewives to use pits in which heavier part of the rubbish will settle down
while only sewerage water was allowed to drain off.
Each house had a well-constructed sink, and water flows from the sink to
underground sewers in the streets.

Each house had horizontal and vertical

drains.
There were underground drains for the
streets covered by stone slabs.
The soak pits were made of bricks
cleaned by workmen.
The house drains were connected with
street drains which had manholes at
regular intervals.

DRAINAGE LAYOUT
 MOHENJO-DARO
It was one of the largest settlements
Covered area of approximately 300
hectares.
The city had a central marketplace, with
a large central well.
Most houses had inner courtyards, with
doors that opened onto side lanes.
One large building :"Great Granary "has
certain wall-divisions in its massive
wooden superstructure.
Close to the "Great Granary" is the Great
Bath.
Mohenjo-Daro had no series of city walls,
but was fortified with guard towers to the
west of the main settlement, and
defensive fortifications to the south.
LAYOUT OFMOHENJO-DARO
DRAINS LAID ALONGSIDE STREETS THE GREAT BATH

PUBLIC WELL. STUPA AT CITADEL PEAK

 HARAPPA
The city is believed to have 23,500 residents and occupied about 370
acres with clay sculptured house.
Harappa is located near the Ravi River
Served as gateway cities into the main region
Walled areas were spread around a central depression that might have
been a reservoir and each major mound was surrounded by a mud brick
wall, with brick gateways and bastions located at intervals on every face
like modern forts.

PUBLIC WELL. ENTRANCE GATES.

 DIFFERENCE
MOHENJODARO HARAPPA
The site of Mohenjo-Daro is Harappa is located in the
located in the Punjab Sindh province.
region.
Planning involved great Planning contained small
bath. public bathing platforms.

The northern urban centre. The southern urban centre.

RUINS. RUINS.
SUMMARY
THANK YOU