Physical Examination

of
Foot and Ankle

Adult Reconstruction (HH/DI)

Orthopedic and Traumatology Department
Medical Faculty of Hasanuddin University
Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
2015, 11th February
Physical Examination of
Foot and Ankle
Inspection

Palpation

Range of Motion

Neurological Examination

Vascular Examination

Special tests

Related areas
 Inspection (Look)
Shoes (wear pattern)
Gait pattern
Alignment
Skin thickness, swelling, color changes,
scars
 Palpation (Feel)
Bony landmarks
Medial aspect (1st metatarsal head, navicular
tubercle, head of talus, medial malleolus,
sustentaculum tali
Dorsal aspect (toes, metatarsal, midfoot, talar
dome)
Lateral aspect (5th metatarsal head, cuboid,
calcaneus, peroneal tubercle, lateral malleolus)
Plantar aspect (Metatarsal head, calcaneus)
 Palpation (Feel)
Soft tissue
Medial aspect (bursa medial 1st metatarsal head,
callous, mortons neuroma, tibialis posterior
tendon)
Dorsal aspect (tibialis anterior tendon, EDL,
EHL)
Lateral aspect (callous 5th metatarsal head,
lateral collateral ligament, peroneal tendon)
Posterior aspect (achilles tendon, retrocalcaneal
bursa)
 Range of Motion
Active and Passive
Ankle /tibiotalar joint (dorsi and plantar
flexion- Inverted forefoot required)
Subtalar joint (inversion, eversion)
Midtarsal joint (adduction, abduction, dorsi and
plantar flexion)
Toe joint (extension, flexion)
 Neurological and Vascular
Examination

Neurological examination (motor, sensory,

reflex, clonus)
Vascular examination
Dorsalis pedis and tibialis posterior artery
CRT
 Special test
Ankle instability
Anterior (anterior drawer test)
Lateral (inversion)
Medial instability (eversion)
Achilles tendon rupture (Thompson test)
Gastrocnemius -Soleus contracture
(Silverskiotz test)
Homans sign
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