Types or Categories of Health

Hazards
Chemicals Ergonomics

Biological
Physical

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 PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Problems relating to noise, vibration,

temperature extremes, pressure extremes,
radiation, illumination

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 PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Temperature Extremes

Pressure Extremes
Radiation
Noise
Illumination
Vibration

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 CHEMICAL HAZARDS
Any chemical that has been
classified as hazardous or for which
relevant information exists to indicate
that it is hazardous

Arise from excessive airborne

concentration of chemicals in the form
of gases, vapours, mists, dust or fumes

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 CHEMICAL HAZARDS
Solvents / Vapors

Dust / Particulates
Heavy Metals/ Fumes
Gases/Smoke
Acids/Mists
Inorganic Chemicals

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BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

Any virus, bacteria, fungus,

parasite, or any living organism that
can cause a disease in human beings.

They can be a part of total

environment or associated with certain
occupations

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 BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
Bacteria

Fungi
Viruses
Enzymes
other micro-organisms

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 ERGONOMICS
Is a multidisciplinary activity
dealing with interaction between
man and his total working
environment plus stresses
related to such environmental
elements as atmosphere, heat,
light and sound as well as all
tools and equipment in
workplace.
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 ERGONOMIC HAZARDS

improperly designed tools or work

areas

improper lifting

poor visual condition

repeated motions in awkward positions

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 Recognition of the different
Hazards can be accomplished by:

Walk-through survey/ocular inspection

Review the processes involved
Knowing the raw materials used, products
and by-products
Gather workers complaints

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 THE NATURE AND STATES OF
CHEMICAL HAZARDS
TYPE OF MATERIAL UNITS OF MEASURE

Vapors Parts per million parts of

air ppm
Solvent or
mass per unit of air
(milligrams/cubic meter
of air - mg/m3)

Solvent - gaseous form of liquids at room temperature

and pressure
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 EVALUATING THE RISK OF
CHEMICAL EXPOSURES

The degree of hazard from exposure to

harmful environmental factors or stresses
would depend on the following:
Nature of the material or energy involved
Intensity of exposure
Duration of exposure
Individual susceptibility
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 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
MEASURES

Engineering Control

Work Practices Control

Administrative

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

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 ENGINEERING CONTROL
Is the primary and most effective control
measure recommended for the
minimization or elimination of hazards
which includes:
Replacement of Materials used/substitution
Modification of the process and/or equipment

Enclosing work processes or confining work

operations

Industrial Ventilation
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 WORK PRACTICE CONTROL

Alter the manner in which a task is

performed

Following proper procedures/SOP

Proper maintenance of process & control equipment

Implementing Good Housekeeping

Providing good supervision

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 ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
Changes in how a worker
accomplishes the necessary job tasks
Reduction of work periods
Adjusting work schedules
Job rotation
Education of supervisors

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 ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
Changes in how a worker
accomplishes the necessary job tasks

Emergency response training and education

Employee information and training

Housekeeping and maintenance

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 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT (PPE)

Consists of devices provided to the worker

and required to be worn while performing
certain job tasks

The use of PPE is a control directed to the

receiver. This is considered as the last
resort and is temporarily used while
pertinent engineering control is ongoing or
not yet implemented TESDA
 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
Examples:
Dust/Gas Respirators

Safety Goggles/Spectacles

Gloves
Helmets
Aprons

Safety Shoes Ear plugs/ear muffs

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Recognition Evaluation - Control

Fundamental concepts of providing

all workers with a healthy working
environment.

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Temperature & Relative
Humidity

A temperature suitable for the type

of work performed shall be
maintained in closed workplaces and
such temperature shall be increased
or decreased and the degree or
humidity varied in accordance with
the kind of work.

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Temperature & Relative
Humidity
Thermal comfort depends on air
temperature, humidity and air movement.
Acceptable ranges for these factors are
often referred to as comfort zone. Ideally a
person wearing typical office clothing
should feel neither too cold nor too warm.

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NOISE

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 NOISE

Any unwanted Sound

When we measure the total amount of
noise energy being emitted, we express
that measure in terms of C-weighted
decibels (dBC)
When we measure the energy that
actually impacts the human ear, we
call it A-weighted decibels (dBA)
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 TYPES OF NOISE

Continuous/Steady Noise

Intermittent Noise

Impact/Impulsive Noise

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 Hearing Damage from
Noise Exposure

Acute: from loud noise such as

` blasts (140 160) dBA
damages the eardrum)
Chronic: due to long-term exposure
to hazardous noise levels

Major risk factor: prolonged unprotected

exposure to noise > 85 dBA

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 How Hearing may be
Impaired
Infection of the ear
Obstruction or Injury by physical agents
(foreign bodies, trauma, rapid changes
in altitude)
Toxic agents and allergies (tobacco,
aspirin, some antibiotics)
Diseases (meningitis, tumors, infectious
diseases-mumps,measles, respiratory
infections)
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Sound Absorbing
Materials

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 Illumination
Some other factors including lighting may
affect the employees health, moral and
productivity.
Although office work has not been proven
to cause permanent vision or eye problems,
many office workers report eyestrain, a
burning sensation in the eyes, blurred
vision, eye irritation or dryness, dry eyes
and headache
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 Recommended Illumination
Levels
A minimum of 50 lux passageway,
corridor, warehouse
A minimum of 100 lux engine and boiler
rooms; toilets and washrooms
A minimum of 200 lux canning and
preserving; planning of lumber and
veneering
A minimum of 300 lux medium inspection;
office deskwork with intermittent reading
and writing for filing and mail sorting.
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 Recommended Illumination
Levels

A minimum of 500 lux fine

inspection, fine woodworking,
accounting, drafting, stenographic
work.
A minimum of 1000 lux extra fine
assembling; jewelry and watch mfg;
proofreading in printing plants
Note : LUX = 10 Candles (1 foot)
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CHEMICAL HAZARDS

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 General Concepts
Chemicals are found everywhere around
us.
in the food we eat

the water we drink

the consumer products we use

and the air we breathe

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 General Concepts

Chemicals are either

naturally occurring or
man-made.

They have a wide range

of possible health
effects.
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 What are Hazardous
Chemicals?
Arise from excessive airborne
concentrations of mists, vapors, gases or
solids that are in the form of dusts or fumes
that may impair the health of the workers or
may cause significant discomfort.

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Areas Where Hazards Can
Be Controlled

PATH
SOURCE RECEIVER

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General Ventilation
It aims at the removal of air in the work environments so that
the possible contaminants are diluted to levels considered to
be not harmful to health and/or to provide workers comfort
cooling.

Means
Natural
Exhaust Fans
Local Cooling
Air-condition

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 Classifications
Local Exhaust Hoods

Enclosing Exterior Receiving

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General or Dilution Ventilation

Mechanical
Natural
Ventilation
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 EXAMPLES
Local Exhaust Hoods

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 Tapos Na Po!
Maraming Salamat!

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