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Power Production & Refrigeration
Power Production & Refrigeration
T
Qin Boiler Turbine Ws P3
P2 = P3 3
4 P4
2 2
1
1 Condenser Qout P1 = P4 4
Pump
S
The processes:
> 1 2 Reversible adiabatic pumping
> 2 3 Isobaric heating & evaporation
> 3 4 Reversible adiabatic expansion red: irreversible
> 4 1 Constant pressure,constant temperature ondensation
Problem 8.4
The processes:
> 0 1 Intake at constant pressure
> 1 2 Adiabatic compression of fuel/oil mixture
> 2 3 Ignition: rapid combustion at constant volume
> 3 4 Adiabatic expansion of combustion products
> 4 1 Constant volume air rejection
Example 4.20
=1.4
CV=20.93 J/mol.K
Problem 4.24
Calculate the cycle efficiency and net work per pound of air,
using:
Compressor internal efficiency 0.85
Turbine internal efficiency 0.88
Average constant pressure specific heat 0.25 Btu/lb.R
Specific heat ratio 1.4
Refrigeration The Reverse Heat
Engine
Refrigeration implies the maintenance of a low temperature
below that of the surroundings. This requires continuous
absorption of heat at a low temperature level.
Refrigeration is best known for its use in the air conditioning of
buildings and in the treatment, transportation, and
preservation of foods and beverages.
It is also finds large-scale industrial application, viz. in the
manufacture of ice and the dehydration of gases. Application
in petroleum industry include lubricating oil purification, low-
temperature reactions, and separation of volatile
hydrocarbons. A closely related process is gas liquifaction,
which has important commercial applications.
Refrigeration The Reverse Heat
Engine
The coefficient of performance:
heat absorbed at the lower temp erature QC QC
COP
net work W Q H QC
Refrigeration The Vapor Compression
Cycle
CFC-11 : CCl3F
CFC-12 : CCl2F2
HCFC-123 : CHCl2CF3
HFC-134a : CF3CH2F
HFC-125 : CHF2CF3
Two Stage
Refrigeration
Example 9.1