INTERPRETASI DATA

REAKTOR BATCH IV
4-1. HOMOGEN REACTION WITH CATALYST

CATALYST DEFINITION:
MATERIALS WHICH ACCELERATE CHEMICAL REACTIONS WITHOUT THEMSELVES
UNDERGOING CHANGE (OR THE RATE IS DECREASED BY THE CATALYST, KNOWN AS
NEGATIVE CATALYSTS)

CATALYST FUNCTION:
1.
2.
FIG 1.1. ACTIVATION ENERGY WITHOUT AND WITH CATALYST

1. CATALYSTS , MATERIALS THAT ACCELERATE THE REACTIONS ,

2. ACCELERATED , NOT PART OF THE PRODUCTS

3. CATALYST WILL BE APPEARED IN RATE REACTION EQUATION AND
, NOT APPEAR IN
STOICHIOMETRIC OVERALL EQUATION
CH3OH +1/2 O2 HCHO + H2O (1a)

CH3OH HCHO + H2 (1b)

CH3OH + 3/2 O2 CO2 + 2 H2O

(2)
 . (4.1-1)

. (4.1-2)

RATE OF REACTION:

.. (4.1-3)

.. (4.1-4)

OVERALL REACTION RATE OF DISSAPPEAR A :

. (4.1-5)
IF EQ. 4.1-5 INTEGRATED, AND CATALYST CONCENTRATION IS
ASSUMED CONSTANT :

THE EXPERIMENT IS DONE BY :

1. CATALYST CONCENTRATION IS VARIATED, EVERY
CONCENTRATION WILL PRODUCE 1 RESULT
2. FROM EQ. 4.1-6 : kobserved k1 k2CC

MADE GRAFIK kobserved vs CC

OBTAINED k1 AND k2
 Pers. 4.1-6

FIG 4-1. REACTION TEST FOR CATALYST

CONCENTRATION
4.2. AUTOCATALYTIC REACTIONS:
(4.2-1)

THE RATE EQUATION IS:

ANY TIME MOLES OF A AND R REMAIN UNCHANGED AS A IS

CONSUMED:
. (4.2-3)

EQUATION . (4.2-2) BECOMES :

.(4.2-4)
EQ. 4.2-4 REARRANGING INTO :

. (4.2-5)

IF EQ. (4.2-5) INTEGRATED:

..( 4.2-6)

FIG.4- 2. RATE OF CATALYTIC REACTION

IN TERMS OF THE INITIAL REACTANT RATIO, M = CRo/CAo AND
CONVERSION OF A
(4.2-7)

FROM FIG. 4-3 CAN BE OBTAINED OF k

EQ. 4.2-6 OR 4.2-7

FIG 4-3. TEST FOR THE AUTOCATALYTIC

REACTION
4.3. NON ELEMENTER REACTION

FOR EXAMPLE : A R
EQUATION OF RATE REACTION

(4.3-8)

EQ(4.3-8) CAN ARRANGED TO:

dC A k2 . (4.3-9)
dC A dt
k1C A k1
IF EQ. (4.3-9) INTEGRATED FROM t = 0 ; CA= CAO TO t = t ; CA = CA
OBTAINED:

.(4.3-10)
EQUATION (4.3-10) ARRANGED AS A STRAIGHT LINE
EQUATION 4.3.-10 DIVIDED BY

.. (4.3-11)

OR EQ. 4.3-10 DIVIDED BY(CA0- CA)

. (4.3-12)

EQ.4.3-11
EQ.4.3-12

FIG. 4-.5 TEST OF THE RATE EQUATION, EQ. 4.3-11 /4.3-12

CONSIDER EQ. (4.3-8) :

REACTIONS OF SHIFTING ORDER :

AT HIGH CA OR k2 CA >>>> THE REACTION IS ZERO ORDER WITH

AT LOW CA OR k2 CA << 1 THE REACTION IS FIRST ORDER OR

FIG 4.6. SHIFTING ORDER AS EQ. 4.3-8

4.4. VOLUME CHANGE WITH REACTION

FOR A BATCH SYSTEM THE VOLUME OF GAS AT ANY TIME

t IS:

.. (4.3-13)

IF THE PROCESS IS ISOTHERMAL AND THE PRESSURE IS

CONSTANT , EQUATION (4.3-13) BECOMES :

.. (4.3- 14)
FROM MASS BALANCE AT BATCH REACTOR :

.. (4.3 -15)

IF EQ(4.3-14) INSERTED TO EQ. (4.3-15)

1 dN A 1 dN AO (1 X A )
rA
V dt VO (1 A X A ) dt

OR
(4.3.-16)
DIFFERENTIATION OF eq. 4.3-14 , OBTAINED :

dV = OR dXA = .. (4.3- 17)

IF EQ. 4.3 -15

.. (4.3-18)

EQ. (4.3-17) INSERTED TO EQ. (4.3-18)

N Ao 1 dV C Ao d ln V
rA .. (4.3-19)
Vo A V dt A dt
RATE OF REACTION FIRST ORDER -rA = k CA
SO, EQ. 4.3.-19 BECOMES:

..( 4.3-20)

FROM EQ. 4.3-14

. (4.3-21)
IF EQ(4.3-21) IS SOLVED:

. (4.3-22)

EQ. 4.3-22

FIG4.7 TEST OF EQUATION (4.3-22)

PROBLEMS