Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Jane
Dowell
Interphase
 Three Stages
First Stage
Very Active
Cell Grows (Double in Size)
Second Stage
Makes Copy of DNA
Third Stage
Cell Matures
Prepares to Divide
 First Stage
Cell doubles in size

Produces all the

structures needed to
carry out its functions.

Whole process can

take up to 21hours
What is the cell doing?
Enlarges ER

Makes more
Ribosome

Produces enzymes

Mitochondria &
Chloroplast make
copies
 Stage Two
Chromatin in nucleus makes two complete sets
of itself (aka DNA)
 DNA Replication
Why?
Ensure daughter cells
have the same genetic
material

Molecule structure
Double Helix
 DNA Structure
Thymine Adenine Guanine Cytosine

Sugar Phosphate
 Nitrogen Bases
Thymine always
connects with T A
Adenine

Cytosine Always
Connects with C G
Guanine
 What Happens?
1st Unwind (Like a zipper
unzipping)

2nd Nitrogen bases match

with other bases

3rd The result is an exact

duplicate
 Final Stage
The Last stage begins once Chromatin makes a
copy of itself
The cell matures and prepares to divide
Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
 Prophase
What is going on?
Chromatin Condenses to form Chromosomes

Spindal Fibers form from the Centrioles

Nuclear Membrane begins to break down

The Look
 Chromosomes Up Close
Chromatid

Chromosome
Centromere
 Metaphase
What is going on?
Nuclear membrane is gone

Chromosomes line up in the

middle of the cell

Each Chromosome attaches

to the spindal fiber
 The Look

2
4

3
 Anaphase
What is going on?

Centromeres split

The chromatids
seperate

Each chromatids go to either end

of the cell

The cell becomes stretched out

The Look
 Telophase
What is going on?

Chromosomes stretch out and

loose the rod-like appearance

This happens in two regions of

the cell (in opposite sides)

New nuclear membrane forms

around the chromosomes
The Look
The Cycle as a Whole
 Mitosis is Over
Cytokinesis begins and completes the
whole cell cycle
WHAT HAPPENS
The cytoplasm divides
The cell organelles are divided up among
the two cells
In plant cells the cell wall cannot squeeze
so there is a structure called a cell plate
that forms.
 Cytokinesis
THE RESULT
Two daughter cells are
made with the exact
same genetic
materials as the parent
cell
Then each cell enters
interphase so the
cycle begins again.