Wireless Communication IA2

Topic : Power Control, Call Processing and

Handoff in UMTS

Group Members :

Hriday Haria 1413018

Kunj Shah 1413047
Yash Shah 1413048
Rohit Shivthare 1413051
Siddesh Pawar 1413055
 INTRODUCTION
UMTS is a part of the IMT-2000 family of 3G mobile communication system

The UMTS network is an upgrade from GPRS with much more Bandwidth

Combines the infrastructure of GSM network with superior technology of the

CDMA air interface

It incorporates the developments made for GPRS and EDGE networks

It is the most popular 3g wireless standard

Advantages of UMTS over previous standards are as follows :

Faster Power Control

More System Capacity and higher data rates

Softer Handoffs
 POWER CONTROL IN UMTS
Open loop power control

Ability of the UE transmitter to sets its output power to a specific value

Used for setting the initial uplink and downlink transmission

parameters whe the UE tries to access the network

The open loop power control tolerance is 9 dB (normal conditions) or

12 dB (extreme conditions)
 Inner loop power control (fast closed loop power control)

Is the ability of the UE transmitter to adjust its output

power in accordance with one or more Transmit Power
Control (TPC) commands received in the downlink.
This is in order to keep the received uplink Signal-to-
Interference Ratio (SIR) at a given SIR target.

The UE transmitter is capable of changing the output

power with a step size of 1, 2 and 3 dB, in the slot
immediately after the TPC_cmd can be derived.

Inner loop power control frequency is 1500Hz.

 Outer loop power control
Used to maintain the quality of communication at the level
of bearer service quality requirement, while using as low
power as possible
The uplink outer loop power control is responsible for
setting a target SIR in the Node B for each individual uplink
inner loop power control
This target SIR is updated for each UE according to the
estimated uplink quality (BLock Error Ration, Bit Error Ratio)
for each Radio Resource Control connection
The downlink outer loop power control is the ability of the
UE receiver to converge to required link quality (BLER) set
by the network (RNC) in downlink
CALL PROCESSING IN UMTS
HANDOFF BASICS
In mobile communication, Handover is a process when a user
switches to another channel without any interruption.

It enables the users to receive their calls anywhere and at any time.

In Handover process the existing link is replaced by another cell. The

network controller decides from the measurement reports about
the link quality that the hand over process is needed to another cell
or not.

The main aim of the handover process is to permit the mobile users
to roam freely from one mobile network to another either the
network are same or different.
NECESSITY OF HANDOFF
When the movement of the user equipment/cell phone is very
fast.

The movement of the users equipment from one cell to

another during an ongoing session.

The experience of interference phenomena by the users

equipment from the near cell.
TYPES OF HANDOFF
There are two ways to classify types of handoff in UMTS :

Based on frequency division

1. Inter-System Handoff

2. Intra-System Handoff

Based on cell division

1. Hard Handoff

2. Soft Handoff

3. Softer Handoff
 INTER/INTRA-FREQUENCY HANDOFF
Intra-system handover can be defined as intra-frequency handover
and inter-frequency handover
Intra-frequency handover can occurs when the user is moving
between two cells, but the operating frequency still remains the
same
Inter-frequency handover can occurs while the UE moves among
cells but the operating frequency changes
Inter-frequency handover is used in order to balance loading among
the carriers and to extend the coverage area
HARD HANDOFF
Hard handover is also known as break before make because this
type of handover firstly breaks connection and after breaking makes
a new connection with BS

Hard handover has been applied when the users equipment

communicates with only just one Node B and the Connection with
the old Node B has broken before the new connection is established

Handover is occurred when the signal strength from neighbors cell

exceeding the signal strength from the current cell
SOFT HANDOFF
Soft handover is the one handover in which connection is
established before breaking the connection.

This handover is known as make before break.

In Soft handover, a mobile at the same time communicates

with two or more cells belonging to different BSs of the
identical RNC (intra-RNC) or different RNCs (inter-RNC).
SOFTER HANDOFF
Softer handovers is a fact that a UE located in the coverage
area of two sectors of one Node B and The UE communicates
with one Node B via two radio channels.

Softer handover is similar to soft handover. The only

difference between the soft and softer handovers is a fact that
a UE located in the coverage area of two sectors of one Node
B and the UE communicates with one Node B via two radio
channels.

In the downlink direction the situation of combining the

signals is same as in the case of soft handover.

In the uplink direction, the combination of the signals is

realized in this Node Bs rake receiver.
 COMPARISON OF
DIFFERENT TYPES OF HANDOFF
 CONCLUSION
The UMTS technology was designed naturally as a mobile network.
The near-far problem is tackled by using Power Control in UMTS(3g).
Faster Power Control in 3g (vs 2g) also leads to efficient system and
faster data rates.
The call processing is similar to that of GSM, apart from the channel
allocation stratergies which icreases bandwidth using spreading
codes, so many users can be share same frequency at same time
In handoffs, hard handover is analogical to hard handover in GSM. In
both cases, the MS (in UMTS called UE) communicates with just one
BS (denoted Node B in UMTS). Hard handover allows only low speed
mobility (portability or simple mobility)
Handovers can also be used to balance the load in a communication
network and in the case of soft handovers it enhances the system
capacity and the coverage
 Softer handovers occur when the mobile station is in the
overlapping coverage area of two cells. In softer handover the cells
belong to the same base station
Inter-system handovers are necessary for enabling compatibility
between UMTS and other system architectures, e.g. GSM.
Characteristic of this handover type is that the necessary
measurements preceding the handover are done using slotted mode

REFERENCES
www.umtsworld.com
www.telecomsource.net
www.3g4g.co.uk
www.rcrwireless.com
 T H A N K YO U !