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Chapter 2 Controls New
Chapter 2 Controls New
MICET
Chapter 2
Control Methods ~
Prevention & Control Methods
Content
MICET
2.1 Principles of
Control
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Control method
Ultimate objective to reduce risk!
Hazard need to be control!
consider hierarchy of controls
start from TOP!, most effective.
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Principles of Controlcont
Options:
trying a less risk option (changing
process, materials, quantities..)
Installing physical barrier that prevent
access to the hazards
Implementing procedural controls and
rules to keep people away from the hazard
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1. Elimination
2. Substitution
3. Administrative Control
4. Engineering Control
i. Isolation or separation
ii. Enclosure
iii. Containment
iv. Limitation
v. Modification
5. Temporary or back up measures
i. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
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1. ELIMINATION
Ultimate control:
Through prohibition
Through discontinuing dangerous work
practices.
Through removing dangerous substances or
equipments.
Through control at its source.
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1.ELIMINATIONcont
EXAMPLES:
1.ELIMINATIONcont
EXAMPLES:
removing the fire hazard by using non
combustible materials
using pneumatic or hydraulic system
instead of electrical system (fire hazard)
using supplier handling of hazardous
process at their location
removing sharp edges & corner of
equipment
eliminating protruding materials or
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2. SUBSTITUTION
Question?
Can we substitute the process, chemical
or activity to less hazard one?
2. SUBSTITUTIONcont
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2. SUBSTITUTIONcont
3.ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS
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3.Administrative Controlscont
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3. Administrative Controlscont
EXAMPLES:
4. ENGINEERING CONTROLS
4. ENGINEERING CONTROLScont
Examples:
general design of work place, plant
& equipments
installation of additional lighting to
provide adequate illumination
use of automation & mechanical
devices
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ISOLATION or SEPARATION
Isolating or separating the hazard from
the person, or the person from the
hazard
EXAMPLE
ENCLOSURE
Reduce exposure to fume or vapour,
noise or heat by segregation of workers
from the source of harm by time or
distance
in mining where workers retire to a
safe distance at the time of blasting,
when such operations take place on
shifts when fewer workers are about.
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CONTAINMENT
Examples?
Use local exhaust system during
welding activity away from
operations
Metal fume is sucked & removed
the contaminant or containing the
hazard at it source.
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LIMITATION
To limit the effect from the potential
hazard ,to ensure no injury or damage
will result to workers or equipments.
install safety valve to maintain safety limit
of pressure system.
potential of electrical hazard maybe
reduce by use low voltage & low amperage
power or batteries.
potential of spill may be achieved by
installation of an over flow system. 23
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MODIFICATION
5. TEMPORARY MEARUREScont
Consist of
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENTS (PPE)
..as last option in controlling hazard.
..it role is effective only when all other
options are either unsatisfactory or not
practical.
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Chemical Control
Usage, spillage, exposure of chemicals
CONTROL
ENCLOSURE
CHEMICAL
ISOLATION
CONTROL
VENTILATION
WET METHOD
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Chemical Controlcont
SUBSTITUTION
ENCLOSURE
An entire process or a portion of a process
can sometimes be closed to prevent escape
of contaminants into workplace.
Very toxic chemicals should be handled in
enclosed systems.
Effective hazard control is accomplished if
the enclosure is kept under negative
pressure.
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Chemical Controlcont
ENCLOSURE
Examples of chemical hazards control by
enclosure:
1. Using glove box or booth for handling of
radioactive or highly toxic materials.
2. Using chamber for abrasive blasting
3. Using enclosure for mixing tank, spray
cleaning, material conveying or
transferring.
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Chemical Controlcont
ISOLATION /SEGREGATION
Isolated/segregated chemical
processes/operations or sources of hazard
to minimize the number of exposed persons.
Examples ?
VENTILATION
Control toxic and/or flammable
atmospheres by exhausting or supplying air
to either remove hazardous atmospheres at
their source or dilute them to a safe level.
To prevent the work environment from
being too hot, cold, dry or humid
To prevent contaminants in the air from
getting into the area where workers
breathe.
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General Ventilationcont
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Chemical Controlcont
WET METHOD
Alternative method for ventilation. This type
of method is applied to a dusty working
environment.
Objectives:
Minimize the dust released to the
surroundings and atmosphere
Minimize and eliminate the risk of inhaling
the dust
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Wet Methodcont
Spraying water onto the equipment
that produces dust in order to reduce
or eliminate the dust emission
Water will be sprayed gently to the
dust so the dust or particles will be
clogged together with water droplets
Care must be taken to collect and
properly dispose of the wetted material
and water containing the material.
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2.4 Emergency
Planning
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EMERGENCY PLANNING
Contain all of the necessary actions
to be taken in case of an incident
The plan must also list an equipment
and materials required to properly
respond to an incident, an indication
of their locations and a description
of the procedures for using the
equipment and materials
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Emergency Planningcont
Objectives
Prevent fatalities and injuries
Reduce damage to buildings, stock
and equipment
Accelerate the resumption of
normal operations
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Types of Emergency
Fire
Explosion
Hijack / Pirates
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