Tit 43:

Bi 42: Thc hanh: Quan

Sat Mt S Vi Sinh Vt
Ni dung:
I. Tm hiu mt s vi sinh vt
1. Vi khun (Bacterria)
2. Xa khun (Actinomycetes)
3. Vi khun lam (Cyanobacteria)
4. Vi nm (Microfungi)
5. ng vt nguyn sinh (Protozoa)
II. Quan st mt s vi sinh vt
I. Vi khun (Bacteria):
- La vi sinh vt nhn nguyn thuy (nhn s)
- Co nhiu hnh thi, kich thc va cch
sp xp khc nhau
Hnh dang: hnh cu, hnh que, hnh xon,
hnh co cung, hnh si
Kich thc: 0,2-2,0 micromet
- a s sinh san bng phn i
a) Cu khun (Coccus)
- La nhng vi khun rt ph bin
- Khng co kha nng chuyn ng
- Tuy theo phng hng, mt phng phn
cch, cc lin kt ma chia ra thanh 5 loai:
 n cu khun (Micrococcus)
- T bao phn chia theo 1mp
- a s sng hoai sinh trong t nc
khng khi
- Mt s co kha nng sinhh sc t lam
hong thc phm: M.flavus, M.roceus
Micrococcus flavus
 Song cu khun (Diplococcus)
- Phn chia theo 1mp, cc t bao dinh vi
nhau tng i
- Mt s loai gy bnh: vim phi
(D.pneumoniae), vim tai gia, vim
mang nao cu khun (D.Neisseria
meningitdis), bnh lu (D.Neisseria
gonorrhoeae)
D. Neisseria meningitdis
Bnh lu
Bnh vim tai gia
Bnh vim mang nao
 Bt cu khun (Sarcina)
- Phn chia theo 3mp, tao thanh khi 8 hay
16 t bao
- ai din: S.ventriculi (ln men ru)
Sarcina ventriculi
 Lin cu khun (Streptococcus)
- Phn chia theo 1mp, cc t bao con dinh
nhau thanh chui
- Phn b rng rai trong t nhin
- Mt s gy bnh: vim hong
(S.pyogennes), mt s co li: S.lactis
Streptococcus lactis
Bnh vim hong
 Tu cu khun (Staphylococcus)
- Phn chia theo nhiu mt phng bt ky,
cc t bao tu lai thanh tng m
- Thng gp trn nim mac ming, da
- Mt s gy bnh: ng c thit (S.aureus),
bai huyt, vim khp gia cm
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus
Aspergillus
b) Trc khun
- Co dang hnh que ngn
- Hu ht chuyn ng c nh tim mao
- Co kha nng tao ni bao t
- Bao gm:
Bacillus
Escherichia
Clostridi um
Pseudomonas
Bacillus
- Vk Gr(+) co kha nng sinh bao t
- Hiu khi hoc ki khi khng bt buc
- a s gy bnh: nhit thn (B.anthracis),
ng c thc n (B.cereus), lam hong
thc phm, rau hp (B.coagulaus)
Bacillus
Escherichia
- Vk Gr(-) khng co kha nng sinh bao t,
co tim mao moc xung quanh
- Sng hoai sinh trong thc phm, trong
ng rut cua ngi va V
- ai din: E.coli gy tiu chay
Escherchia coli
Clostridium
- Vk Gr(+) co kha nng sinh bao t
- Sng trong t, ng rut ngi va V
- Mt s co kha nng gy bnh:
Cl.botulinum gy ng c thit, Cl.tetani
gy bnh un vn
Clostridium botulium
Bnh un vn
Pseudomonas
- Vk Gr(-) khng sinh bao t, co mt chum
tim mao mt cc
- Co kha nng sinh sc t vang, o, trng
lam hong thc phm (Ps.fluorescens),
mt s gy bnh ngi
Pseudomonas fluorescens
 c) Xon khun (Coccus)
- Gm mt it vi sinh vt. a s sinh
san bng cach phn i
- Tuy vao hnh dang xon chia ra:
. Phy xon (Vibrio)
. Xon tha Xon khun (Spirillum)
. Xon khit Xon th (Spirochaetes)
 Phy xon (Vibrio)
- C th xon cha n na vng,
ging nh du phy, co tim mao
moc nh, rt di ng
- Mt s hoai sinh, s khc k sinh
- in hnh la vi khun ta (V.cholera),
V.comma
Vibrio cholera
 Xon khun (Spirillum)
- Vi khun Gr(+)
- C th xon t mt vng n nhiu
vng, co mt hay nhiu tim mao
moc nh
- a s sng hoai sinh, phn giai cn
hu c nn co ich
- Co rt nhiu trong rng ming
Spirillum
Cc vi khun trong rng ming
 Xon th (Spirochaeta)
Co hnh mt si xon, kich thc tng
i ln 5 100 micromet
Khng co tim mao, di chuyn bng cch
trn, thanh t bao an hi
ai din vi khun giang mai,vi khun gy
st hi quy
Spirochaeta
Bnh giang mai
 2) Xa khun (Actinomycetes)
- La vi sinh vt nhn nguyn thuy, cung nhom
vi vi khun. Sinh san bng hnh thc nay
chi
- Co kha nng tao ra cht khng sinh va nhiu
cht hu c qu
- Khi nui cy trn mi trng c, xa khun
pht trin thanh mt m goi la khun lac.
Mi khun lac gm 2 h khun ty: h khun
ty khi sinh va h khun ty c cht
Xa khun
3)Vi khun lam (Cyanobacteria)
- La vi sinh vt nguyn thuy, co cha luc
lap nn co th quang hp, sinh san bng
hnh thc phn i
- Phn b rng trong t nhin, c xem
nh nhng vi sinh vt tin phong
- Hnh dang: n bao, a bao hnh si
- Nhiu loai co gi tri cao, nui cy thu
sinh khi (Spirulina), hoc co kha nng
c inh nit (Annabaenaazollae)
Vi khun lam
 4) Vi nm (Microfungi)
- La vi sinh vt nhn thc
- a s sng hoai sinh, mt s sng k
sinh, s it sng cng sinh vi tao
- Bao gm:
. Nm men (Yeast)
. Nm si (Filamentous fulgi)
 Nm men (Yeast)
- Tn tai trang thi n bao
- a s sinh san theo kiu nay chi
- Thich nghi vi mi trng ng cao, pH
thp
- Hnh dang: trng, cu, ovan, thoi
- Co khoang 483 loai thuc 66 chi khc
nhau
- ai din: nm men ru S.cerevisiae
Nm men
Nm men
Nm men
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
 Nm si(Filamentous fungi)
- Sinh san bng bao t
- Cu tao hnh si phn nhnh, sinh trng
nh, pht trin thanh m thanh h
khun ty
- Gm 2 loai:
. Bc thp: khun ty khng co vch ngn
(Rhizopus, Mucor)
. Bc cao: khun ty co vch ngn
(Aspergillus, Penicillium)
Rhizopus
Mucor
Penicillium
Aspergillus
Bao t tip hp nm si
5) ng vt nguyn sinh (Protozoa)
La nhng vi sinh vt nhn thc, n bao,
c th phn hoa phc tap tao thanh nhng
c quan am nhn cc chc phn khc
nhau
Chu yu sinh san v tinh: phn i, lit
sinh, moc chi, mt s sinh san hu tinh
Da vao phng thc chuyn vn chia
thnh 4 lp: trung bin hnh, trung roi,
trung co, trung bao t
Trng bin hnh
Trng roi
Trng co
Trng bao t Plasmodium
 Xem
film
thi
Cm n a theo di
Goodbye!!!