MAN vs MACHINE

A consolidated presentation submitted

at AISSQ-2012 conference
WHO SHALL PREVAIL??
 WHY MAN VS MACHINE?
Human being, a special creation
of God.
Arrival of numerous inventions
and discoveries over the time.
Rapid Industrial Growth
Rise in the need of smart
machines
Phenomenal Development in the
fields of electronics and
computer.
C omputers invention of the 20th century; superlative machines
which pose a challenge to human intellect.
WHO IS A HUMAN?

Biological Being
Social Being
Intellectual Being
 Human: a unique machine
Most complex and unique machine of the world.
Praised by man himself in Psalm (the Hebrew bible).
Wonderful analogies with respect to human body.
Human
brain,
analogous to
advanced
CPU
Eyes,
Heart, natural
analogous to
pump,
video
maintains BP
cameras

Skin,
analogous to
industrial heat
exchangers.
SPECIALITIES OF A HUMAN

Ability to
Think
Feel
Will
 Human qualities

Human qualities justify them as superior

and advanced race over other living
species.
- Consciousness, belief in self-
existence
- Emotions, intrinsic feelings like
happiness, joy, anger
- Motivation, force governing our
actions
- Creativity, generation of new idea and
object
- Decision making, selection of an
alternative
 Human consciousness

Most important human quality and advanced event in

the history of evolution.
Related to feelings of self-awareness and self-
importance.
On popular account, three types of consciousness:
Simple-
Consciousness,
awareness of the
body

Cosmic-
Self- Consciousness,
Consciousness, awareness of the life
awareness of and order of the
being self universe
 WHAT IS A MACHINE?

Mechanically constructed object

Can be programmed to perform
various actions.
Can incorporate the elements of
electronics and computer.
 Machines and their growth

The idea of first simple machine, 3rd century B.C. -

Archimedes.
The modern definition for machine states it as
an apparatus or tool using or applying
mechanical power to achieve a particular task.

Earlier machines were categorized into two:

- Static machines, like pulleys, inclined plane,
lever, etc.
- Dynamic machines, like compressor, pumps,
engines etc.
 Classification of machines

Depending on various applications, machines

can be classified as:
- Mechanical, E.g. engines, pumps, turbines.
- Electrical and Electronic, E.g. generator,
transformer.
- Computing, E.g. computer, clusters.
 Designing of machines

A general design strategy for machines consists of:

Performance
Invention Recycle
Engineering

Need decommissioning
enhancing
identification, and disposal
efficiency, adding
concept phase, recovery
features and
generation, and reuse of
improving
prototyping and materials.
effectiveness.
manufacturing.
PURPOSE OF A MACHINE
-To Assist Humans
 CAPABILITIES OF MACHINES

Depending on the magnitude of its ability,

a machine can do various jobs that are
risky, tougher or impossible and even
drudgery.
Machines can be programmed to do a job
again and again till the command expires.
They never tire up!
Machine can be made to imitate a human
by suitable programming.
EDGE OF MACHINES OVER HUMANS

Can be constructed with high

mechanical strength.
More accurate than humans
Faster than humans
 LIMITATIONS OF MACHINES

Only do programmed work

Cannot think, feel or will as they
are not a being at all.
A machine can be made to
imitate a human but not a human
itself.
 View point towards development

Machine growth resulted in better human life, but with

dilemmas and problems.
Negative aspects of
development - social and
economic problems.
Weakened our ethical and
moral values.
We should not forget
Humans have created
machines not humans are
created by them.
 Where are we heading to?

Have we ever thought about the:

- deeper consequences of such machine
growth?
- moral dilemmas of human race?
- role of humans in machine world?
- future state of unemployment and poverty?

Imperfection in human life

due to perfect machines.
One possible cause is the
negligence of value
education system.
 THE GAP BETWEEN ANDRO-
HUMANOID AND ACTUAL HUMAN

Andro-Humanoids can imitate humans

But they cannot be programmed to
write their own code and command.
They use sensors to sense but cannot
really feel as they lack
consciousness.
They can be made to learn but not
think
 THE BRAIN PUZZLE

Scientists are still struggling to explore

the secrets of brain
If that happens, humans would go to new
heights
Many psychological disorders can be
cured very easily.
Mystical phenomena like telepathy and
ESP can be cracked and applied to daily
use!.
 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Complex codes are fed to make

machines behave like humans
Just an illusion is created that they
are able to think
They just compute and execute.
Getting conscious by chance is
wilder and more zany than the
theory of organic soup or godzilla!
 Artificial Intelligence & Chess

Much research has been performed in Computer Chess

Deep Blue (IBM) defeated the world champion Kasparov
in 1997 , at its 2nd try after 1996s defeat
This Event Made this Question Popular. Are
Computers More Intelligent than Humans?
Are Calculators Intelligent?
: Similarly the computer which plays chess is no
more intelligent than computeri that was fine
tuned by grandmaster Joel Benjamin, Miguel
Illescas, John Fedorovich and Nick De Firmian. It
plays chess just by following an algorithm. It
doesn't solve it.

Like CHINESE ROOM ARGUMENT of

Professor John Searle
: As one can take Chinese question answer
session just by following procedure without
even knowing what is being discussed
similarly Machine also may act humanly by
showing some of predefined behavior, without
being Intelligent like humans.
 Propositions and Arguments

Gottfried Leibnizs (16461716) Leibniz Mill

There are other theories like Chinese Nation which
came up in early discussion of functionalist theories of
minds and cognition.
Another antecedent of this theory was the Turing's
Paper Machine . This idea is found in the work of Alan
Turing, for example in Intelligent Machinery (1948).
Concept of embodiment leading to Strong AI.
Gdel's incompleteness theorems which helps in
appreciating the fact that human mind is too complex to
be defined with a mathematical model.
 Developing intelligent machines

Related to the field of AI - started in 1955 by John

McCarthy, Herbert Simon and others.
Till date, not possible to create human level machine
intelligence due to:
- Limited computing resources
- Task oriented machines
Turing test, to differentiate
between AI machines and
Humans.
 TURING TEST

Proposed by famous scientist Alan

Turing
Involves chat among humans and
machines without face-face contact.
Tests the ability of coders
 Complexities and Attempts

One of the announcement by IBM on

making Artificial Brain . Artificial brain
10 years away But, as we cannot even
generate random numbers and still not
able to work with quantum particles and
describe the minds working principle, it is
far out of our reach.
 Machine Learning

- the computing tool which sounds like a

computer algorithm able to learn out of
experiences.
- But machine learning is no more than
interpolation of data used for training the
Neural Network.
- For this machines learning means a
matrices with optimized weighing values.
 Future of AI

AI might result in machines superior to human

intelligence.
Capable of tasks like complex problem solving, flying
spacecraft, building next generation machines.

But important questions arise here:

- Will they be conscious?

- Will they praise their creator like
we do?
- Will they agree to become slave
for human race?
 Taming the machines

AI researchers have
confirmed, the growth of AI
might be uncontrollable.
Intelligence only positive trait,
but not for machines.

True path of development- science and technology

plus moral, behavior and ethical values.
Solution- development of value education system
(knowledge + values) like ancient Indian system.
There are few things which makes us
Creative Humans

NO Computer follows any self

created technique. It just an
unconscious instruction
executer .

Cellular Automata apparently

looks like a computer program
generating creative patters.
Actually its rules and starting
condition have all the features
which its output have.
Why we Love Science and put our Faith
in it.

In the field of satisfying

humans, science has did
very well in past few
decades
We depend on Science and thats why
we love it
Because of this good experience with science
modern people appreciate it from its toe to tip.
LIMITATIONS OF MODERN SCIENCE

Depends on logical conclusion

analyzed with the help of available
senses.
Has lot of space for assumption and
negligence.
Revision of stated Truths are allowed.
 SPIRITUAL SCIENCE

Absence of evidence is not the

evidence for absence.
Soul is the reason behind humans
ability to think, feel and will.
Spirituality cannot be analyzed
through material means as it may
involve energies of higher
dimensions.
 Vedantic Perspective
According to Indian scriptures matter cannot have
consciousness. It is a feature of soul and only presence of
soul can manifest life. O son of Bharata, as the sun alone
illuminates all this universe, so does the living entity, one
within the body, illuminate the entire body by
consciousness. (BG 13.34).

The Supreme Lord is situated in everyone's heart, O

Arjuna, and is directing the wanderings of all living
entities, who are seated as on a machine, made of the
material energy. (BG 18.61). Hear machine refers to the
physical body of living entity.

Earth, water, fire, air, ether, mind, intelligence and false

egoall together these eight constitute My separated
material energies. (BG 7.4). According to Vedanta
Intelligence is not the result of functionality of brain, it is a
subtle element.
The individual is the
passenger in the chariot of the
material body, and the
intelligence is the
driver. Mind is the driving
instrument, and the senses are
the horses. The
self is thus the enjoyer or the
sufferer in the association of
mind and the
senses. So, it is understood by
great thinkers. (Katha
Upanishad 1.3.3-4).
From Vedantic view point purpose of physical
body, mind and intelligence is to facilitate the
living soul.
 IF MACHINES GAIN CONSCIOUSNESS

If machines gain
consciousness they will
turn into beings and
cannot suit the definition of
a machine.
There is no question of
man versus machine
debate.
They will form a new
species if they can do
biological activities like
feeling etc.
 Conclusion
The growth of machines has also given rise to
social, moral, ethical and economic problems.
Impossible for a machine to replace unique human
features.
Only the path of knowledge illuminated with
human values will lead us to true growth and
development of man and mankind.
Machines are not capable of doing anything out of
box thats why they cannot create something new.
A product with more complexity cannot come out
of a thing with less complexity . And it is true to all
systems but human mind dont fall below that kind
of limitation.
 FINAL VERDICT

Machines can never gain consciousness

Consciousness is not programmable
Humans may not be as mightier as
machines but they are capable enough to
employ the machines to fulfill their needs.
Humans are valuable, they are true
beings.
HUMANS SHALL PREVAIL (OF COURSE
WITH THE HELP OF MACHINES !)..
WE CAN CO-EXIST WITH SMART MACHINES