Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ohsas
Ohsas
Ohsas
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
AUDITOR TRAINING COURSE
IRCA REG. NO. A16834
1: Introduction
1.1 Background Development
During the Industrial Revolution, technological advances
introduced and increased the use of machinery and toxic
materials in the workplace. As a result, workers in factories
faced health and safety risks that were previously unheard
of.
Health and safety problems and hazards that workers face
include the following:
Poor working conditions
Exposure to toxic materials or chemicals
Long working hours
Work-induced stress
Excessive noise levels
Risks to life, eyes, and limb while working with machinery
In 1970, (OSHA) was established as a comprehensive
occupational safety and health law to assure so far as
possible for every working man and woman in the nation
safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve
human resources [1].
Defined as
Environmental
Security
Medical
Training
SAFETY
Industrial Hygiene
Legal
Information Systems
Facilities
Community
Occupational Health & Safety
Groups Persons
Institutions Product
Worker
Waste
Figure 1.2: Holistic Overview of the Workplace, Environmental Quality & Human Community[i]
1.5 Modern OH&S Legislation
At both national and international levels, the modern
corporation is perceived as having both a moral and a
legal responsibility to protect its employees from:
Workplace sources of injury and;
Workplace insults to a workers pre- existing debilitation[i].
7. Interested parties
8. Non-conformance
9. Objectives
10. Occupational health and safety
11. OH&S management system
12. Organization
NOTE: For organizations with more than one operating unit, a single operation
unit may be defined as an organization.
13. Performance
NOTE: Performance measurement includes of OH&S management activities
and results.
14. Risk
15. Risk assessment
16. Safety
17. Tolerable risk
Chapter 2 Introduction to OH&S
Standards & Applications
2.1 Influence of the Working Environment
There are various kinds of positive and negative factors in the
working environments
Physical demands may refer to manual lifting loads and
extended working hours.
For mental demand, it appears to be dependent on the level of
mental work pressure and the experience of the worker
involved.
Use of ear protection will be in order as excessive noise levels
(>85 to 90 dB) can cause hearing loss.
Proper illumination is necessary to avoid having workers
headaches and fatigue as a result of eyestrain.
Working temperature can cause great discomfort if it is too high
or too low.
mental and emotional factors to consider:
Scope
Informative references
Definitions
OH&S Policy
Management Review
Planning
Hazard Identification, Risk
Checking & Corrective Action Assessment & Risk Control
Performance Measurement & Monitoring Legal & other Requirements
Accidents, Incidents, NCs & Corrective & Objectives
Preventive Action OH&S Management
Records & Records Management programme(s)
Audit
Figure 2.1: OH&S Management System Model for OHSAS 18001 System Elements
2.3 OH&S Management System Elements
Checking and
Implementation
Corrective Action
& Operation
Planning
Policy
Feedback from
Audit Planning Measuring Performance
Implementation and
Operation
Checking and
Corrective Action
Feedback
Audit Checking and from
Corrective Action Measuring
Performance
Management
Review
Figure 3.5: Checking and Corrective Action[i]
Clause 4.5.1 Performance Measurement and Monitoring
Management
Internal Factors External Factors
Review
Policy
Ultimate responsibility for occupational health and safety rests with the top
management.
The management plays a central role in implementing the occupational
health and safety (OH&S) program and determining its effectiveness.
Accidents will decrease profits, as additional money has to be dealt out for
workers compensation, damages and other hidden costs.
While organizing an OH&S safety program, the management has to bear in
mind that conflicts between staff, departments or management are inevitable
The management shall always be aware of the latest
changes to health and safety requirements, legal OH&S
issues and policies.
Implement PLAN
REVIEW
Identify Hazards
Determine Risk
General
Types of Physical
Work Activity Illness
Hazards Eye Injury Injuries
Hearing Limbs (eg.
(possibility of (possibilit Total Rank
Problems Injury Cough,
loss of sight) y of
flu, fever,
death)
etc.)
Inspection of steel
girder alignment &
Exposures
deflection in bridges 2x2 4
to lasers
& buildings using
lasers
Working at
elevated heights 2
Falls 3 x2 3x2 12
without proper fall
protection system
Working over or
near water without
Drowning 2x2 3x2 10
wearing life jackets
or buoyant work
Handling flammable
Fire 2x2 2x2 2x2 12 2
liquids
IMPACT (Rating = Severity X Frequency)
General
Types of Physical
Work Activity Eye Injury Illness
Hazards Injuries
Hearing (possibility Limbs (eg.
(possibilit Total Rank
Problems of loss of Injury Cough,
y of
sight) flu, fever,
death)
etc.)
Electrocution
Handling Powder- &
2x2 2x2 2x2 12 2
actuated tools Mechanical
injuries
Transportation of
Explosion
explosive materials 1x1 1x1 2x2 2x2 10
& Fire
used in blasting
Fatality to
drivers
Heavy vehicles & (caused by
equipments in rollovers) or 2x2 1x2 2x2 3x2 16 1
operation to co-drivers
(caused by
runovers)
Acoutistic Sonic and ultrasonic sound, including continuous and intermittent (impact)
Radiation noise
Magnetic Magnetic flux densities, including those having influence on implanted medical
Radiation devices and ferromagnetic tools
Electromagnetic Visible light, lasers, radio frequency/ microwave radiation, ultraviolet radiation,
Radiation and x-rays
Radioactivity Radionuclides and radiation (alpha, beta and gamma) associated with unstable
atomic nuclei or nuclear reactions
Combustible Burns when subjected to a temperature greater than 100oF and below 200oF
Irritant A non-corrosive material that causes itching, soreness or inflammation of exposed skin, eyes or
mucous membranes
Organic
Peroxide Spontaneously explodes due to the formation of unstable peroxides
Unstable/ Spontaneously explodes with production of pressure, gas, heat and possibly toxic fumes
Reactive
Mutagen Causes changes in genetic information that is inherited from generation to generation
Poison Causes life-threatening damage to tissues or internal organs in very small amounts (e.g. several teaspoons or less)
Sensitizer Causes allergic reactions after repeated exposures, with possibly severe or even life-threatening consequences
Teratogen
Causes malfunction of the developing fetus
Toxic Causes life-threatening damage to tissues or internal organs, but in amounts greater than a poison
Biological
Agents
Bloodborne Pathogens Disease causing organisms that may be transmitted through blood and other blood-related
bodily fluids of infected persons
Other pathogens Infectious diseases that may be transmitted by means other than bodily fluids of infected
persons (e.g. water, air, food)
Acute Manifests in a few seconds, hours or a few days after exposure to the hazardous agent.
Target- Organ Manifests only in specific organs or tissues, e.g. in nerves of hands.
Systematic Manifests in overall condition of the whole body, e.g. blood poisoning or breakdown of
central nervous system.
Translocation
Dissipation
Concentration
Transformation
Elimination
Figure 5.3: Generic Environmental Processes that influence the dynamic flows and transformation of materials and energies in
environmental compartments[i]
5.5Hazards Analysis
Checklists are usually drawn up to help in identifying hazards
and hazardous operation relationships systematically.
The hazard matrix is made up of rows and columns
rows are made up of different items or function hazards.
columns store progressive information about hazardous events, causes,
effects and severities, probability of occurrence, controls, verifications
of controls, and remarks.
Item/ Hazardous CAUSE(s) effects sev. prob. recommendations/
Functions conditions verifications
1. Natural 1. Leak 1.1 Valve Fire/ Cat. E10-3 Qualified Valve Design,
Gas Supply Faults Explosion Installation, Pressure
Testing, Inspection
Table 5.3: An Example PHA Matrix Checklist Format Using A Hot Water Heater[i]
5.5.1 Severity Rating
Severity of hazardous effects is also known as hazard level or
criticality category.
It is a rating indicating the seriousness of an effect of a hazard
on a worker or employee, and it can be defined into different
categories with different values.
There is a direct correlation between effect and severity,
therefore severity is ranked according to the hazard effect.
Severity rating shall be ranked based on the worst effects of a
hazard mode.
Description Severity Ranking Mishap Definition
Critical 4- 7 Any condition which may cause a serious personnel injury; severe
occupational illness; loss of safety monitoring, emergency control
function or an emergency system, or requires use of emergency
procedures; or involves major damage to one of the following: the
launch or servicing vehicle; manned base; any NSTS cargo element,
which could result in the loss of, or major damage to, a major SSF
element; an on- orbit life- sustaining function; a ground facility; or any
critical support equipment.
Marginal 1- 3 Any condition which may cause major damage to a safety monitoring,
emergency system, mishap of a minor nature inflicting first aid injury
to personnel, or minor nature inflicting first aid injury to personnel, or
minor damage to one of the following: a launch or servicing vehicle;
the manned base; any NSTS cargo element, which could result in
minor damage to a major SSF element; an on- orbit life- sustaining
function; a ground facility; or any critical equipment.
Probable 6-8 Could Happen in the life of the program. Controls have
significant limitations or uncertainties.
Remote 2-5 Could happen in the life of the program, but not expected.
Controls have minor limitations or uncertainties.
Efforts should be made to reduce the risk, but the costs of prevention should be carefully
measured and limited.
Moderate (3) Where moderate risk is associated with extremely harmful consequences, further
assessment may be necessary to establish more precisely the likelihood of harm as a basis
for determining the need for improved control measures.
Work should not be started until the risk has been reduced. Considerable resources may
Substantial (2) have to be allocated to reduce risk. Where the risk involves work in progress, urgent action
should be taken.
Intolerable Risk (1) Work should not be started or continued until the risk has been reduced. If it is not possible
to reduce risk even with unlimited resources, work has to remain prohibited.
OR
Gas
Explosion Crushed by Tipover Scalding
Gas Flash Electro
(Closed Fire (Temp >
Area) cu-tion
(Open Area)
140C)
AND
AND
Ignition Source
Heater
Gas Present Heater
Unsecured
Leak Dislodged
(Expt.
O
R
Conc.)
Explosion
Fire Bomb Threat
Tornado/ Strikes/
Weather Violence
Emergencies
Radiation Accidents
Medical
Energy
Emergencies
Chemical Spill/
Vapor Release
Communities Media
Public Fire
Affair Rescue
Environ-
Counties Operations mental Public
Health
Industrial
Medical
Hygiene
Safety Security
States
National
Advocacy
Groups
Alternative Making-Safe
Alternative Means
Objective Strategy Phase
Figure 6.3 Three Phases for Devising Emergency Response Policies and Procedures[i]
6.5.1 Risk Assessments Phase
Factors that are necessary in this phase are the sources and types of
hazards, the degree of exposure and the persons exposed.
Techniques available to the planner include hazard analysis, failure
modes and effects analysis, and fault and event tree analysis.
6.5.2 Safety Judgement Phase
This phase seeks to determine the level of protection for each population
under risk, while keeping in mind their social and cultural values and
current regulatory standards.
6.5.3 Making-Safe Strategy Phase
As shown in Figure 6.4, policies and procedures should address three
basic types of emergency response activities:
1. Preparation Activities: Undertaken immediately upon discovery of a
potential or actual emergency, prior to the initiation of any response.
2. Response Activities: Include all efforts to control the emergency and
provide assistance to affected persons.
3. Follow-up Activities: Focus on post emergency actions to bring the
company back to a state of emergency readiness, including revisions to
emergency plans based on experience of past emergencies.
Notify onsite personnel about the incident
first-party audits,
second-party audits or
third-party audits.
7.4 Elements of an OHSAS Audit
This section will describe the different aspects of an HSE Audit,
namely: physical, material, operational, procedural, human and
informational.
7.4.1 Physical Aspects
Physical Aspects to be considered include all constructed and naturally
occurring structural and physical features of the workplace and its
environment as well as their spatial relationships.
Any location that may become a source of or contribute to an on-site
workplace hazard or experience the risk of hazard due to the workplace can
be considered a geographic area of actual risk.
7.4.2 Material Aspects
Material aspects refer to those physical, chemical or biological substances
or agent that may pose a threat to human health and safety.
7.4.3 Operational Aspects
Plant operations include those activities undertaken as a direct consequence
of production.
7.4.4 Procedural Aspects
Procedural aspects of a comprehensive facility audit
include both procedures for conducting production-
oriented operations and for accomplishing non- production
oriented tasks.
7.4.5 Human Aspects
There is a need to recognize that this does not merely apply
to employees only, but to all people who might be affected
or at risk in one way or another due to the workplace.
7.4.6 Information Aspects
Categories of information essential to design,
implementation and management of a comprehensive
workplace OH&S program includes the following, among
others:
Up-to-date copies of regulation and pertinent OH&S standards
Written documents required by specific regulations (e.g., accident
reports, emergency response procedures, hazardous waste manifests,
etc.)
Proceedings or minutes of meetings convened by the organizations
OH&S committee
Description of all safety-related devices and equipment,
including purpose, type, location, limits, and maintenance
requirements
Description of all personal protective clothing, including
purpose, type, location, limits, and maintenance requirements
Ambient monitoring records (for air and/or water)
Hazard and risk assessments of operations performed by
facility personnel or by external consultants
Inventory of hazardous materials, products, and by-products
Evaluations and recommendations regarding OH&S
incidents or conditions, as well as planned or implemented
follow-up actions
Personnel training records regarding any aspect of workplace
OH&S, such as names, dates and subject matter.
7.5 The Audit Process
The audit program and procedures should identify the activities
and areas to be audited, the frequency of the audits, who is
responsible for managing and conducting the audits, how and to
whom audit results will be communicated, and requirements for
auditor competence[ii].
1. Management Priorities
2. Commercial Intentions
3. Management System Requirements
4. Statutory, regulatory and contractual requirements
5. Need for supplier evaluation
6. Customer requirements
7. Needs of other interested parties, and
8. Risks to the organization
7.5.2 Confidentiality of Audit
The lead auditor must also ensure that all rules and regulations
of the auditee organization, especially those relating to
occupational health and safety issues, made known to the Audit
Team are followed.
7.8.2 The Auditor
The roles, responsibilities and activities of an Auditor are as follow:
ISO 19011 defines the auditee as the organization to be audited. The roles,
responsibilities and activities of the auditee are as follow:
a) Informing employees about the objectives and scope of the audit as necessary
b) Providing the facilities needed for the audit team in order to ensure an effective
audit process
c) Appointing responsible and competent staff to accompany members of the audit
team, to act as guides to the site and to ensure that the audit team is aware of
health, safety and other appropriate requirements.
d) Providing access to the facilities, personnel, relevant information and records as
requested by the auditors
e) Cooperating with the Audit Team to permit the audit objectives to be achieved
f) Receiving a copy of the audit report unless specifically excluded by the client
Horizontal Audit
Horizontal audit focuses on one element of OHSAS 18001 at a
time to audit horizontally across the organization departments for
compliance to the element. Upon completion of an element, say
clause 4.3.1, the auditor moves on to the next applicable
requirements, in this case clause 4.3.2. . This method is suitable for
small organizations where the access to all areas, facilities and
information are readily available.
Vertical Audit
Vertical audit focuses on each department of the organization to audit
all requirements of OHSAS for conformance by the department. Upon
its completion, the auditor moves on to the next department assigned to
him. This method is suitable for large organizations as well as in multi-
sites audit where the access to all areas, facilities and information are
difficult.
An open question will lead to a What is your interpretation of the Open questions may sidetrack your
wide range of answers. result obtained? conversation and focus.
Open Generally, use it to seek the Could you tell me how you process It may be difficult for the auditee
auditees opinion, to get an these intermediate results? to respond.
explanation/description from the How do you implement the waste They may be so open that you will
auditee or to allow for reasoning management program? get general answers.
on certain matters.
Do you know that there is a These questions provide limited
A closed question is used to get a documented procedure for this? information and if you are in search of
yes or no answer, while a Whats your responsibility? an extended answer, use an open
Closed/ direct question will invite a short Has this specific environmental impact question.
Direct answer with one or a few words. been monitored? Be careful of the tone when you
These questions are used to get use this type of question.
specific information. As a guide, avoid using more than
three consecutive closed or direct
In what way was corrective action questions.
These are open questions, but completed? If
Probing/ they aim at getting more or Could you provide me with some you need to encourage the auditee to
Clarifying clarifying information about a examples on these? elaborate, use this type of question.
subject by specifying conditions. What do you mean by referring to the Avoid frequent use as the auditee
guidelines on the site emergency plan? may think that you are not listening.
You do check for the accuracy of the This type of questions should be
Leading A leading question suggests an equipment every morning, dont you? avoided as it may lead to biased
answer, as the answer is normally You determine your sample size based information.
implied in the question. on the sampling table, dont you?
Dont you agree with me that you have Avoid this type of questions.
Interrogative These questions put the auditee not correctly verified the incident reports
/Antagonistic on the defensive. according to the internal standards?
Application N Sufficient
details? Reject or Refuse
OK?
if the scope is not
Y within the capability of
Y
Scope Review to select audit team the certification body
End
OK to Proceed? N
Surveillance
STAGE 1
Close out NCR
Pre-audit at company premises,
collect information for
planning STAGE 2 audit
Assessment
NCR Recommendation
Document Assessment +
STAGE 2
Non Y NCR Site Assessment Visit
Conformance
N
Written evidence of
Audit Team Formation
corrective actions by
company
Clause
Clause
Clause
(Based on ISO ISO 14001 ISO 9001: 2000
14001)
1 Scope 1 Scope 1 Scope 1 Scope
4.2 OH & S Policy 4.1 OH&S Policy 4.2 Environmental 5.3 Quality policy
Policy
4.0 Initial Status A.4.2.1 (Not
2 Review mandatory but good
practice)
Initial Env. Review
4.3 Planning 4.2 Planning 4.3 Planning 5.4 Planning
4.3.1 Planning for Hazard 4.2. Risk Assessment 4.3. Environmental 5.2 Customer Focus
Identification, Risk 2 1 Aspects
Assessment & Risk
Control
4.3.2 Legal and other 4.2. Legal and other 4.3. 4.3.2 Legal and 5.2 Customer Focus
requirements 3 requirements 2 other requirements
Table 8.1: Table Showing the Correspondence between OHSAS 18001, BS 8800, ISO 14001, & ISO 9001 (page 1 of 3)
Clause OHSAS BS 8800: 1996 (Based on
Clause
Clause
Clause
18001: 1999 ISO 14001) ISO 14001 ISO 9001: 2000
4.3. Objectives 4.2 Including personnel and 4.3.3 Objectives 5.4 Quality Objectives
3 .4( resources for the .1
a) organization to achieve
its policy.
4.4. Structure and 4.3 Structure and 4.4.1 Structure and 5.5. Responsibilities & Authority
1
1 Responsibility .1 Responsibility Responsibility 5.5. Management Representative
2
4.4. Training, 4.3 Training, Awareness & 4.4.2 Training, 6.2 Competence, Awareness
2 Awareness & .2 Competence Awareness & .2 and Training
Competence Competence
Table 8.1: Table Showing the Correspondence between OHSAS 18001, BS 8800, ISO 14001, & ISO 9001 (page 2 of 3)
OHSAS 18001: Cl BS 8800: 1996 Cl Cl
Clau 1999 aus (Based on ISO aus ISO 14001 aus ISO 9001: 1994
se e 14001) e e
4.4.6 Operational 4.3 Operational Control 4.4 Operational Control 7 Product Realization
Control .6 .6
4.5 Checking and 4.4 Checking and 4.5 Checking and 8 Measurement, analysis
Corrective Corrective Action Corrective Action and improvement
Action
4.5.1 Performance 4.4 Monitoring and 4.5 Monitoring and 7.6 Control of monitoring &
Measurement .1 Measurement .1 Measurement measurement devices
and Monitoring 8.4 Analysis of Data
4.5.2 Accidents, 4.4 Corrective Action 4.5 Non- Conformance 8.3 Control of
Incidents, Non- .2 .2 and Corrective and nonconforming product
Conformances, Preventive Action 8.5.2 Corrective Actions
and Corrective 8.5.3 Preventive Actions
and Preventive
4.5.3 Action
Records and 4.4 Records 4.5 Records 4.2 Control of Records
Records .3 .3 .4
Management
4.6 Management 4.5 Management 4.6 Management Review 5.6 Management Review
Review Review
Table 8.1: Table Showing the Correspondence between OHSAS 18001, BS 8800, ISO 14001, & ISO 9001 (page 3 of 3)
8.3 Advantages of Integrating OHSAS 18001 & ISO 14001
Shipyard Employs 100 or more persons Employs less than 100 persons
Refining/Processing of petroleum
Employs any number of persons Not applicable
and petroleum products
7 Hand Tools, Portable Power Driven Tools 7 Welding and Flame Cutting
9 Concrete Work
10 Prevention of Fire
Table 9.2 Content of Code of Practice on Safety and Health at Construction Worksites Parts 1 & 2 [i] [ii]
9.7 Courses Conducted by The Occupational Safety &
Health (Training & Promotion) Center in Singapore
The courses conducted are divided into four categories, with the
courses in each category meant for the appropriate class of
persons. The four categories are:
9.7.1 OSH Courses for Supervisors
These courses for supervisors are geared to train supervisors on the
practical measures for accident prevention in their respective industries.
The supervisors are also taught their role in accident prevention.
The courses also cover motivation, communication and accident
investigation techniques and fire prevention and control.
9.7.2 OSH Courses for Managers
The courses for managers are designed to help senior personnel in
industry to effectively manage safety in the workplace through the
development and implementation of safety systems and also the
monitoring and measurement of safety performance.
9.7.3 Courses for OSH Personnel
Our courses for OSH personnel are geared to impart the necessary
knowledge and skills to the participants to enable them to effectively
carry out their duties.
9.7.4 Safety Courses for Workers
These courses for workers are intended to inform workers of the nature
and types of hazards that they may be exposed to in the course of their
work, and the measures and precautions that need to be taken by them
to prevent accidents.
Courses for OSH OSH Courses for OSH Courses for Safety Courses for
Personnel Managers Supervisors Workers
Edward Ong
Edward Ong
(Safety Director)
11.4 XYZ Pte Ltd Organization Structure and
Responsibility
The organizations structure, responsibilities and accountabilities
with respect to OH&S requirements are presented in Figure
11.2.
Duties and responsibilities of the Safety Director include:
Ensuring the OH&S system is properly implemented.
Ensuring the overall effectiveness of the safety program.
Review and analysis of accident information, safety meeting reports,
etc.
Communication of pertinent information to all the jobs and shops.
Duties and responsibilities of the Superintendent include:
Review of all accident investigations and safety inspection reports
for the job or shop.
Passing of safety information along to all foremen.
Maintenance of an accident log to help in identifying accident trends
and problem areas so that additional safety effort can be directed as
needed.
When necessary, advise contractors, etc., of physical changes or new
safety regulations.
Conducting regular scheduled foremens meetings at which job or
shop work progress, hazards, accidents, and other work and safety
items are to be discussed. A written record of these meetings should be
maintained.
Peter Ho
Peter Ho
(President)
Edward Ong
Edward Ong
(Safety Director)
Figure 11.2: XYZ Pte Ltd Organization Structure, Responsibilities and Accountabilities
11.5 XYZ Pte Ltd Risk Assessment Program
HARMFUL SEVERITY OF HARM
LEVEL
- Superficial injuries, minor cuts and bruises, eye irritation from dust
Slightly Harmful - Nuisance and irritation (e.g. headaches), ill-health leading to
temporary discomfort.
- Lacerations, burns, concussion, serious sprains, minor fractures
Harmful - Deafness, dermatitis, asthma, work related upper limb disorders
- Ill health leading to permanent minor disability.
- Amputation, major fractures, poisonings, multiple injuries, fatal
Extremely injuries
Harmful -Occupational cancer, other severely life shortening diseases, acute fatal
diseases
Table 11.1: XYZ Pte Ltd Interpretation of Harm Level
Work should not start until risk has been reduced. Considerable resources may
Substantial have to be allocated to reduce risk. Where risk involves work in progress, urgent
action should be taken.
Intolerable Work should not start or continue until risk has been reduced. If it is not possible
to do so even with unlimited resources, work has to remain prohibited.
Eye
Work Types of Physical
Heari Injury Lim General
Activity Hazards Injuries
ng (possibi bs Illness (e.g. Tot Ra
(possibili
Proble lity of Inju Cough, flu, al nk
ty of
ms loss of ry fever, etc.)
death)
sight)
Operating a
compressed Loud noises &
2x2 4
air long exposures
Jackhammer
Inspection of
steel girder
alignment &
Exposures to
deflection in 2x2 4
lasers
bridges &
buildings
using lasers
Working over
or near water
without
wearing life Drowning 2x2 3x2 10
jackets or
buoyant
equipment
Handling
flammable Fire 2x2 2x2 2x2 12 2
liquids
Handling Electrocution
Powder- &
2x2 2x2 2x2 12 2
actuated Mechanical
tools injuries
Eye
Work Types of Physical
Heari Injury Lim General
Activity Hazards Injuries
ng (possibi bs Illness (e.g. Tot Ra
(possibili
Proble lity of Inju Cough, flu, al nk
ty of
ms loss of ry fever, etc.)
death)
sight)
Handling
high-voltage Electrocution 2x2 2x2 8
machinery
Transportatio
n of explosive Explosion
1x1 1x1 2x2 2x2 10
materials used & Fire
in blasting
Fatality to
drivers
Heavy
(caused by
vehicles &
rollovers) or to 2x2 1x2 2x2 3x2 16 1
equipments
co-drivers
in operation
(caused by
runovers)
DUE DATE
PRESPONSIBILITY
NO. SIGNIFICANT OBJECTIV MEANS (CLAUSE 43.4B) OH&S
IMPACTS E (3.9) OBJECTIVES
(3.5) (CLAUSE 4.3.3) TIME FRAME IN MONTHS
Foremen
1 FATALITY TO REDUCE
30
10 / 0
DRIVERS SITE 1.Report-ed Progress 100% A
AND CO- TRANSPO near-misses -ion P
WORKER RT RISK and R
1.1 Install
rollover transport
protective accidents
structure 2. Review
(ROPS) on from
1.1.1 foremen of Progress 100% A
constructio P
n vehicles Construct operators -ion
30
10 / 0
ROPS at complianc- R
the back of es with the
constructio regulations
n vehicles
1.1.2 F
Ensure 3. Number Progressi 100% A o 2 1
the of tranport on P r 5 0
securing related R e /
of seatbelt unsafe acts m 0
1.2 Improve by drivers e
operator n
visibility and 1
pedestrian Progressi M 3 7 0
awareness 100% 0
on A 0 /
Y 0
1.2.1
Segregate
pedestrian
1.3 and Progressi M 2 6 1
Introduce 100% A 5 5 0
vehicles on
on-site using road Y /
safety markings 0
awarenesstr and
aining barrier 100% M 2 6 1
A 5 5 0
Y /
1.3.1 0
Establish
safety
1.4 awarenes Increase M 1
Introduce s d Safety 100% 2 7 0
A 5
bi-annually workshop Awarene Y 5 /
inspection 1.3.2 ss 0
of Conduct Progressi
construction one day on
of vehicle training
and
competen S
cy test Progressi 100% 1
on E
P 0
/
0
DUE DATE
PRESPONSIBILITY
NO. SIGNIFICANT OBJECTIV MEANS (CLAUSE 4.2.b4) OH&S
IMPACTS E (3.9) OBJECTIVES
(3.5) (CLAUSE 4.3.3) TIME FRAME IN MONTHS
25
10 / 0
AND DEATH accidents Progress 100% A
DUE TO due to falls -ion P
FALLS R
2.1 Ensure
proper 1. Reported
erection of near-misses
scaffold and
2.1.1
Provide transport Progress A
accidents 100%
sufficient -ion P
30
10 / 0
and sound R
material 2.Review
for scaffold from
foremen of
operators Progress 100%
2.1.2 -ion A
30
10 / 0
Inspect the compliance
with the P
tubes, R
couplers, regulations
and
boards for
defects
before use
DUE DATE
PRESPONSIBILITY
NO. SIGNIFICANT OBJECTIV MEANS (CLAUSE 4.3.4B) OH&S
IMPACTS E (3.9) OBJECTIVES
(3.5) (CLAUSE 4.3.3) TIME FRAME IN MONTHS
1 2.1.3
50
10 / 0
Scald fold 3. Number Progress 100% M
to be of transport -ion A
erected by related Y
qualified unsafe acts
and
experience
2.2 Install workers
guidance 2.1.4 Progress 100%
Inspect -ion
and
maintain
scaffold
once a
10 / 0
week after
50
erection Progress 100% J
-ion U
2.2.1 N
Floors and
walls to be Progress J
guided by -ion 100% U
railings on N
open sided
floors
2.2.2 Draw Progress
100% J
10 / 0
-ion
50
warning U
lines 6ft N
from edge
of roof
Supervisor
Progressi 100% J 5 1
2.3 Safety on U 0 0
belts N /
0
2.3.1 Ensure
worker wear Progressi 100% J
safety belts, on U 5 1
lanyard, and N 0 0
2.4 Ensure /
persons lifeline when
working at a 0
working at
heights height of 6 ft
adhere to or more
Progressi J 1
precautiona 100% U 5
ry measures on 0 0
N /
2.4.1 Permit 0
persons to
work at
heights only J 1
Progressi U 5
after they on 100% 0
have N 0 /
indicated or 0
demonstrated
no adverse
effects
2.4.2 Arrange
an
experienced
worker to 1
accompany a J 5 0
new worker Progressi U 0 /
to observe on 100% N 0
workers
reaction
1
0
/
0
DUE DATE
PRESPONSIBILITY
NO. SIGNIFICANT OBJECTIV MEANS (CLAUSE 43.4B) OH&S
IMPACTS E (3.9) OBJECTIVES
(3.5) (CLAUSE 4.3.3) TIME FRAME IN MONTHS
Figure 11.5: XYZ Pte Ltd List of Investigative Questions for Witness
LIST OF INVESTIGATIVE QUESTIONS TO ASK THE
VICTIM
1. What was he doing when the accident occurred?
2. Was he supposed to be present at the place of accident?
3. Was he under any medication at that time?
4. Is he experienced in that particular job?
5. Did he check the vehicle before using it?
6. Did he comply with the rules and regulations?
7. In his opinion, what had caused the accident to happen?
Figure 11.6: XYZ Pte Ltd List of Investigative Questions for Victim
11.10 Emergency Response Plan for Heavy Vehicle
Accidents
The following steps shall be followed should there be any major
heavy vehicle accident at the worksite:
1. Remove victim if possible.
2. All workers in danger or at potential harm are to evacuate
the worksite to a safe control station.
3. The foreman shall be informed as soon as possible.
4. The foreman is to inform all relevant authorities.
5. No one should be allowed to leave the control station until
further instructions.
6. Put out all fires immediately.
7. Apply first aid to victim.
8. Do not panic and wait for help to arrive.
11.11 Audit Program
Internal audits are to be carried out every three months.
There will also be an external certification audit scheduled
once a year.
The main purpose of the audits is to check if the OH&S
system has been properly implemented within the company.
It is also a review of our companys performance in the area
of OH&S performance.
An audit checklist developed based on the OHSAS 18001:
1999 specification requirements will be used during the
internal audits to aid assessment.
GENERAL REQUIREMENT
4.1 Does the organization maintain an established OH&S Management System?
Are there objectives set up for the policy? What are they?
4.2 Is the companys OH&S policy appropriate to the nature and scale of the
organizations OH&S risks?
4.2a Are employees committed to continual improvement?
4.2b Are employees committed to comply with current applicable OH&S
legislation and other requirements?
4.2c Is the OH&S policy being documented, implemented and maintained in the
organization?
4.2d Are all employees aware of their individual OH & S obligations?
Is the OH&S policy available to interested parties?
4.2e Is the OH&S policy reviewed periodically to ensure its relevance and
appropriateness to the organization?
4.2f Are there established procedures to identify the OH&S hazards in the
organization?
4.2g Are risk assessment & control measures implemented?
4.3.1 Is the organizations methodology for hazard identification and risk assessment
-Defined with respect to its scope, nature, and timing?
-Able to classify and identify risks to be eliminated or controlled?
-Consistent with operating experience and capabilities of risk control measures?
-Able to provide input into the determination of facility requirements,
identification of training needs and development of operational controls?
-Able to provide for the monitoring of required actions to ensure both the
effectiveness and timeliness of their implementation?
Are legal & other relevant requirements identified & made readily accessible?
4.3.2 Are the OH & S objectives established and maintained?
4.3.3 Are documented objectives and targets consistent with the OH&S policy
including commitment to continual improvement?
4.3.4 Are programs for achieving overall plans & objectives established &
maintained, including designation of responsibilities, and methods and time-
scale by which they are achieved?
4.4.1 Is everyone in the organization aware of their roles & responsibility for the
health & safety of those they manage, themselves & others whom they work
with?
Are resources essential to the implementation, control and improvement of the
OH&S management system provided?
4.4.2 Does the workers at the site possess appropriate education, training and/or
experience on OH&S aspects?
Are employees competent and trained in performing their tasks?
Are the employees aware of
-The importance of conformance to the OH&S policy and procedures, and the
requirements of the OH&S system?
-The actual and potential OH&S consequences of their work activities and
benefits of improved personal performance?
-Their roles and responsibilities in achieving conformance to the OH&S
policy and requirements?
- Potential consequences of departure from specified operating procedures?
4.4.3 Are there procedures to ensure that pertinent OH&S information is
communicated to and from the employees and other interested parties?
Are employees involved in the development and review of policies and
procedures to manage risks and consulted when there are changes that affect
workplace health and policy, and represented on health and safety matters,
informed of their representative?
4.4.4 Are information that provide direction to related documentation and describe core
elements of the management system and their interaction established and
maintained in a suitable medium?
Are documented procedures efficiently located and suitably identified?
4.4.5 Are documented procedures reviewed periodically, and approved for adequacy by
authorized personnel?
Are the documented procedures kept up to date & available to all at essential
locations?
Do the documented procedures contain obsolete documents?
Are control measures applied to those operations and activities associated with
identified risks?
4.4.6 Are there established and maintained procedures to cover situations where their
absence could lead to deviation from OH & S policy and objectives?
Are the procedures stipulating operating criteria?
4.4.7 Are arrangements made to establish contingency plans for foreseeable
emergencies & to mitigate their effects?
4.5.1 Is the performance measurement established for monitoring the policy & its
objectives?
4.5.2 Are corrective actions taken & root causes identified whenever deficiencies arise?
What are they?
4.5.3 Are there any records maintained?
4.5.4 Is there an audit program to assess the OH&S management system?
4.6 Does the management carry out reviews of the OH&S system periodically?
Is frequency & scope of periodic reviews of the OH&S management system defined
according to its needs?
11.12 Management Review
Management review is to be conducted on the first Friday of
every six months to review the OH&S system implemented.
Evaluation will be planned based on the current flow of events,
including any latest changes to legislation, policy, or
objectives.