CHM 3304

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

18-Crown-6 ether
and Lariat ether
NORFAZLINDA BINTI ZAINAL
NURUL NABIHAH BINTI RAZALI
NURIN SYAHMIMI BINTI AZAMUDIN
NURUL FARAH ADNI BINTI MAT ZIAN
ATHIRAH NUR DAMIA BINTI AMINUDIN
 18-Crown-6 Lariat ether

Size match between host cavity and guest cation. The flexible [18]crown-6 is
a reasonably good size match for all of the alkali metal cations, although it is
optimum for K+.

Electronic complementary host cavity and guest cation.Pure crown ether are
hardest ligands. Hard acid prefer coordination to hard base and soft acid
prefer to coordinate soft base.
 Degree of host preorganization

Preorganization: Kinetic and Dynamic Effects

Host preorganization and degree of flexibility do have a marked effect on

the rates of complexation and decomplexation reactions.

The more closely a reactant resembles the transition state for a reaction,
the faster that reaction will proceed as a consequence of the reduced
activation energy needed to go from reactant to reactive transition state.

The key to the dramatically enhanced metal cation binding ability of

cryptands over crown ethers is the preorganized, three-dimensional
nature of their cavity, which enables spherical recognition of the M+ ion to
take place.
Crown ether are highly flexible
macrocyles.
However, k+ bound stronger than
other cation expected from cavity
size fit. The binding constant going
down Group 1 often exhibit
plateau selectively.
 Lariat ether is a selective macrocycle.
lariat ether is more selectively rather than
crown ether. K+ is more favourable rather
than any cation going down Group 1.
 Donor atoms in the host.
For 18-crown-6 ether the donor atom is Oxygen ion however for other
types of crown ether Nitrogen ion also can be a donor.
For lariat ether, Oxygen and Nitrogen ion.

Solvation of Cation
Solvation of cation depends strongly on the ionic size and nature of
solvent.

Cation charge
For crown ether it is more optimize for K+
For lariat ether, it is more selective for K+
Another cation that can bind with crown ether and lariat ether are Sodium ion,
Cesium ion, Rubidium ion. This is for group 1. Its also can bind with other group but
depending on their radius that fit with the cavity.